300–201 BC

Romanian words from Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

503 Romanian words inherited from a Latin word whose earliest known written record dates from the 3rd century BC, earliest Latin record first (page 9).

păraț
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin palatum

Ciorănescu takes it as inherited from Latin palātum (“palate”), with a singular rebuilt from the plural, following Candrea and Densusianu and the REW. Tiktin and MDA2 take it from palātium…
păstor
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin pastor

It is inherited from Latin pāstor (“shepherd”). The Latin noun belongs to pāscō (“to graze, to pasture”). The regular outcome of the Latin accusative would have kept a final /e/; Ciorănescu explains…
pătrunde
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin pertundo

It is inherited from Latin pertundō (“to bore through, perforate”), with the /r/ moved into the first syllable. Pușcariu (no. 1290), Candrea–Densusianu (no. 1362) and the REW list it among the…
păun
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin pavo

It is inherited from Latin pāvō, pāvōnem (“peacock”), continuing the accusative, as Ciorănescu, Pușcariu, the REW, Tiktin, DEX and MDA2 hold. Ciorănescu compares the sound development of tăun. The…
roșu
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin russus

It is probably inherited from Latin russus (“red”), the source Ciorănescu and Tiktin prefer. Pușcariu, the REW and Candrea derived it instead from roseus (“rose-coloured”), and MDA2 gives that…
scamă
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin squama

It is inherited from Latin squāma (“scale of a fish”), as Ciorănescu, after Pușcariu and the REW, MDA2 and the DLR state. The Latin word may be related to squālus (“filthy”). The sound shape is a…
scară
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin scala

It is inherited from Latin scāla (“ladder, stairs”). The senses of “scale” and “gamut” follow French échelle and Italian scala. The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian scarã and…
seceră
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin sicilis

It is inherited from Latin sicilis (“sickle”), in the form with two short vowels, ⟨sĭcĭlis⟩, that the Romance languages presuppose. The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian seațiră (spelled…
serba
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin servo

It is inherited from Latin servō (“to watch, keep, observe”), with the Latin sense “to observe” narrowed to keeping a holy day. Its Romance cognates are Italian serbare “to keep, store”, Sardinian…
spumă
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin spuma

It is inherited from Latin spūma (“foam”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)poHy-mos, or in de Vaan's notation *spoHi-m- (“foam”), with cognates such as Old English fām. It…
sudoare
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin sudor

It is inherited from Latin sūdōrem (“sweat”). The Latin noun is formed on sūdō (“to sweat”) and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”). It survives in Aromanian asudoari. Romance…
supăra
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin supero

It is inherited from Latin superō (“to surpass, overcome”). Ciorănescu lists the scholars who held this view, from Cipariu and Cihac to Pușcariu, Pascu and the REW. The verb survives as Aromanian…
toamnă
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin autumnus

It is inherited from Latin autumnus (“autumn”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian toamnã, Megleno-Romanian toamnă and Istro-Romanian tomne. Its Romance cognates include French automne…
uger
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin uber

It is inherited from Latin ūber (“breast, udder”), as DER, Tiktin, MDA2, the DLR and DEX agree. The Latin /b/ appears here as /g/, as in rug from rubus. Pușcariu and Tiktin explain the /g/ by the…
uib
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin obvius

It is inherited from Latin obvius (“in the way, meeting”), used as a noun, according to Bogrea, Candrea, Ciorănescu, the DLR and MDA2. CADE starts from the phrase in obvio (“in the way”). Wiktionary…
urla
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin ululo

It is inherited from Latin ululō (“to howl”), probably through a form with /r/, *urulō, which the REW and Ciorănescu reconstruct; the change of /l/ to /r/ is a dissimilation. The REW explains the…
veghea
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin vigilo

It is inherited from Latin vigilō (“to stay awake, keep watch”), through a syncopated Vulgar Latin *viglō. The Latin verb is formed on vigil (“awake, alert”). It survives in all four branches…
vită
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin vita

It is inherited from Latin vīta (“life”), the same word as Italian vita, French vie, Spanish vida and Portuguese vida, which all kept the original sense of life. It survives south of the Danube as…
vultur
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin vultur

It is inherited from Latin vultur (“vulture”). The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian vultur and Megleno-Romanian văltur. Its Romance cognates include Old French voutre, Spanish buitre and…
vânt
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin ventus

It is inherited from Latin ventus (“wind”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts, from the root *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian vimtu…
vărsa
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin verso

It is inherited from Latin versō (“to turn often, overturn”). The Latin verb is the frequentative of vertō (“to turn”). It survives in Aromanian versu. The Romance cognates are Italian versare…
întinde
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin intendo

It is inherited from Latin intendō (“to stretch out, extend”). The DA takes it from both tendō (“to stretch”) and the compound, which is formed from Latin in- + tendō. Wiktionary also allows that it…
învește
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin investio

It is inherited from Latin investiō (“to clothe, cover”), itself from in- and vestiō (“to clothe”). Ciorănescu writes the etymon ⟨(in)vestīre⟩, allowing for the simple verb as well. The Latin verb…

All Romanian words inherited from Latin, by century →