infarct

Forms

infarct n (plural infarcte)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French infarctus, and DEX, MDA2, MDN and DILF give a second source, borrowed from German Infarkt.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} DN and NODEX name only French.^[6][7] Graur lists the Romanian word, through the French one, among the descendants of the Latin verb “to stuff”.^[8]

The French word was coined in medicine by Laennec in 1826: New Latin infarctus, an altered spelling of īnfartus, the past participle of īnfarciō (“to stuff into, fill up”), formed from in- and farciō (“to stuff”).^[9][10] German took the same New Latin word in the 19th century.^[10][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The DLRLC of 1955–1957 already has the word, for the destruction of a tissue caused by the blocking of the vessel that feeds it.^[12] MDA2 gives the DEX of 1975 as its first record.^[3]

Semantic evolution

In German the New Latin term first named a blocked bowel in the 18th century, then a stoppage of blood in the 19th, and took its present medical sense in the 20th.^[11] The Romanian word has the medical sense only, most often in infarct miocardic “myocardial infarction”, the common heart attack.^[2][3][1]

Timeline

• 1826 – Laennec uses New Latin infarctus in French medicine.^[9]
• 1955–1957 – infarct in the DLRLC.^[12]
• 1975 – infarct and infarct miocardic in the DEX, MDA2's first record.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. infarction: the destruction of an organ or part of one after an artery or a terminal vein is blocked.^[2][3]
2. infarct miocardic: a heart attack, infarction of the heart muscle after a branch of the coronary artery is blocked.^[2][1]
3. The blocking of a blood vessel, which kills the tissue it feeds.^[6][3]

Related words

• farsă

Usage notes

The plural is infarcte.^[2]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 505
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1134
4. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. infarct
5. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. infarct
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. infarct
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. infarct
8. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. s.v. farsă
9. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ a b Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
11. ^ a b Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
12. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 514