ghindar

Forms

ghindar m (plural ghindari)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian ghindă + -ar according to DEX 2009, MDA2, NODEX and the DLRM, and Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the noun.^[2][3][4][5] Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu and the REW instead derive it directly from Latin glandārius (“of acorns, acorn-bearing”), and Tiktin and the DA give that etymology too.^{[5][6][7][8][9]} The Latin adjective was used of woods that produce acorns.^[10] Candrea and Densusianu add Istro-Romanian gl'indăr (“oak”), and the REW lists Italian ghiandaia (“jay”), Catalan glaner (“oak”) and Occitan aglandier.^[7][11][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1793.^[8] MDA2's first record is a fable by Grigore Alexandrescu, printed in 1863, where peasants cut down an old forest: „Tufani, paltini, ghindari se îngroziră foarte” “Turkey oaks, maples and oaks were sorely afraid”.^[3][12]

Semantic evolution

In Muntenia the word is a rare name of the oak.^[12][9] In Bukovina it names the jay, whose zoological name is Garrulus glandarius, as Marian recorded in his ornithology.^[9][13][8] In Teleorman it is the name of a fish not further identified.^[9][3] It is also a surname, from the occupation.^[14][1]

Timeline

• 1793 – the first record cited by Tiktin.^[8]
• 1863 – ghindari “oaks” in Alexandrescu's fables.^[3]
• 1883 – “jay” in Bukovina, in Marian's ornithology.^[13][9]
• 1893 – Damé glosses it with French chêne.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. (regional, rare) the oak; stejar.^[2][3][1]
2. (regional, Bukovina) the jay.^[3][9]
3. (regional) a fish not further identified.^[3][9]

Related words

• ghindă
• ghindură
• Latin glandārius

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 438
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 993
4. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ghindar
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ghindă
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3774
7. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. ghindar
8. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ghindar
9. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ghindar
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 112
12. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 379
13. ^ a b Marian, S. Fl. (1883), Ornitologia poporană română, 2 vols., Cernăuți: Tipografia R. Eckhardt
14. ^ Iordan, Iorgu (1983), Dicționar al numelor de familie românești, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 221
15. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État