deschidere

Forms

deschidere f (plural deschideri)^[1] An older variant is deșchidere, in Antim's sermons: „cu deșchiderea mormintelor și cu înviiarea morților” “with the opening of the tombs and the raising of the dead”.^[2][3] Klein's dictionary of 1801 prints it Defchidere (with a long s), glossed with Latin apertio.^[4]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of the verb deschide “to open”, formed from Romanian deschide + -re, and so a noun of action.^[2][5][6][1] The verb goes back to Latin disclūdō (“to separate, open up”) and survives in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian too, in the forms DER cites.^[7][8] DELR lists the noun in the family of the verb.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to Coresi's Omiliar of 1581, with the sense “opening”.^[6] DELR dates the concrete sense, a gap through which one can pass, see or let in light and air, to 1698, in the form deșchidere in Cantemir.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The word first named the act of opening, of a door, a tomb or, in Antim's sermons, the gates of paradise.^[2] From the act came the result, an opening or gap in a wall, and in technical language the span between two supports, the distance between the jaws of a tool and the width between the arms of an angle.^[9][5] A second line of meaning is the start of something: the opening of a session, of the school year or of an exhibition, and the inaugural speech or performance.^[5][10] Pontbriant in 1862 already had deschiderea școalelor for the start of term.^[11] Games and sports added the chess opening and the pass that launches an attack.^[3][5] Phonetics uses it for the width of the vocal tract when a vowel is spoken, and geology for an outcrop.^[3] MDA2 also records the figurative sense “openness to new things”.^[5]

Timeline

• 1581 – the first record, in Coresi's Omiliar.^[6]
• 1698 – deșchidere “an opening, a gap” in Cantemir.^[9]
• 1801 – Defchidere in Klein's dictionary, glossed apertio.^[4]
• 1823 – the opening of a money box in a document quoted by the DLR.^[2]
• 1825 – in the Lexicon de la Buda, glossed with Latin apertio and German Öffnung.^[12]
• 1845 – the opening of the reserve granaries to the villages.^[2]
• 1862 – deschiderea școalelor “the start of the school term” in Pontbriant.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of opening something or of being opened: of a door, a window, a lid.^[3][5]
2. The beginning of an activity, of a meeting, a season or an institution;^[5][10] cuvânt de deschidere “opening speech”.^[5][10]
3. (chess) The first move or moves of a game.^[3]
4. (sports) A pass to a teammate that starts an attack;^[3][13] în deschidere “in the first match of a double fixture”.^[3][13]
5. The distance between the jaws of a vice or pliers; the horizontal width of a gap; the span between two supports.^[3][5]
6. An aperture in a wall for light, air or passage; a place where a hole or an entrance forms.^[3]
7. (geology) A place where deep rocks come to the surface; an outcrop (deschidere geologică).^[3]
8. (phonetics) The width of the vocal tract while a sound is articulated.^[3][5]
9. (figurative) Openness, receptiveness to new things.^[5]

Related words

• deschis
• deschizătură
• deschizător

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deschidere
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 296
4. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 350
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 656
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. deschídere
7. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. deschide
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 655
9. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. deschide
10. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 63
11. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich
12. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 179
13. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. deschidere