occludo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ɔkˈkɫuː.doː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [okˈkluː.do]^[1]

Forms

occlūdō (present infinitive occlūdere, perfect active occlūsī, supine occlūsum); third conjugation^[1] Also obclūdō, and Plautus has occlūstī for occlūsistī, and the Theodosian Code has occlaudō.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from ob- and claudō “to shut”.^[2][1][4] De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of shutting a door.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant to shut up, close, lock, of doors and buildings, as in Plautus and Cicero's closed tavern; and to shut someone in, shut the door on someone, as in Plautus.^[2][7]

English occlude (1590s, “to shut up, stop up”) is from it.^[4]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^[2][6]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^[7][6]
• 1590s – English occlude is recorded.^[4]

Meanings

Verb

1. To shut up, close, lock.^[2]
2. To shut in.^[2]

Related words

• claudō
• inclūdō
• exclūdō
• English occlude

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
7. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.