cooperare

Forms

cooperare f (plural cooperări)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian coopera + -re, the long infinitive of the verb used as a noun.^[2][3][4][1] The verb is from coopérer and cooperor, formed from con- and operor (“to work”), from opus (“work”).^[5][2] Marcu and Maneca add cooperare as a model.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the noun to 1848, in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms;^[7][8][9] MDA2's first record is from Maiorescu's parliamentary speeches (1866 on).^[4][3] The verb coopera is recorded from 1836, in Asachi.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th-century dictionaries cooperare is still the infinitive of the verb: Negulici, Costinescu and Laurian define it as “to work together with someone”.^[7][8][9] Pontbriant already gives it as a feminine noun, French coopération.^[10] In the 20th century it became a term of economics and politics: joint work of people, enterprises or countries in production, trade or research.^[11][12]

Timeline

• 1836 – the verb coopera, in Asachi.^[5]
• 1848 – cooperare in Negulici's dictionary.^[4][7]
• 1862 – cooperare as a feminine noun, “cooperation”, in Pontbriant's dictionary.^[10]
• 1866 – in Maiorescu's parliamentary speeches.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of cooperating; joint work, cooperation, collaboration.^[2][3]
2. Joint work of people, economic units or countries in producing or selling goods, or in scientific and technical research: cooperarea dintre universități.^[11]

Related words

• coopera
• cooperativă
• cooperație

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 232
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 502
4. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. cooperare
5. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. coopera
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. coopera
7. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. cooperare
8. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 250
9. ^ a b Laurian, A. T.; Massim, I. C. (1871–1876), Dictionariulu limbei romane, 2 vols., Bucuresci: Noua Typographia a Laboratoriloru Romani
10. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 153
11. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. cooperare
12. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 543