coopera

Forms

coopera (third-person singular present cooperează, past participle cooperat), 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French coopérer.^[2][3][4][1] It is also borrowed from Late Latin cooperor.^[2][3][4][1] DELR, Tiktin and the DA give the French verb as the source,^[5][6][7] and the DN adds Italian cooperare.^[8] French borrowed the verb in 1470 from Christian Latin, as a term of theology.^[9] The Latin verb is formed con- + operor (“to work”), from opus (“work”).^[5][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR dates the first record to 1836, in Gheorghe Asachi, with the sense “to take part in a common work, to collaborate, to help”.^[5] Tiktin gives the same year.^[6]

Semantic evolution

In 1848 Negulici's dictionary of neologisms explained cooperare as “to work together with someone at something”, conjugated cooperez, cooperezi, cooperează.^[10] The family grew in the same period, mostly by borrowing from French: cooperator (1818), cooperație (1840), cooperant and cooperativ (1871).^[5] Cooperativă, the economic association of small producers, is recorded from 1885, in Ion Ghica, and DELR compares English cooperative and French société coopérative.^[5] The DA records a folk form comperativă, reshaped after cumpăra “to buy”.^[7]

Timeline

• 1470 – French coopérer, a term of theology.^[9]
• 1818 – cooperator “collaborator”.^[5]
• 1836 – coopera “to work together”, in Asachi.^[5][6]
• 1840 – cooperație “cooperation”.^[5]
• 1848 – cooperare in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[10]
• 1871 – cooperant and cooperativ in Laurian and Massim.^[5]
• 1885 – cooperativă, the association, in Ion Ghica.^[5]
• 1913 – cooperatism and cooperatist.^[5]
• 1962 – cooperativiza “to organise into cooperatives”.^[5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To work together with someone, to cooperate or collaborate; to lend one's help to a common action: Cele două firme au cooperat la proiect. “The two firms cooperated on the project.”^[2][3][11]

Word family

• cooperatism
• cooperatist
• cooperativ
• cooperativă
• cooperativiza
• cooperație
• cooperare
• cooperator
• cooperant

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 232
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 502
4. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. coopera
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. coopera
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. coopera
7. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. coopera
8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. coopera
9. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. cooperare
11. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. coopera