Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word încrede

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1581 Coresi's Carte de învățătură More words from the 16th century
Ultimate origin
Latin crēdō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin crēdō
French croire
Italian credere
Romanian crede
Romanian încrede
Spanish creer
English credo
English creed
Italian credo
Spanish credo
Derivations
From the same root
English recreant ← crēdō
Latin accrēdō ← crēdō
Latin concrēdō ← crēdō
Latin crēdibilis ← crēdō
Latin crēditor ← crēdō
Latin crēditrīx ← crēdō
Latin crēdulus ← crēdō
Latin recrēdō ← crēdō

Pronunciation

  • /ɨnˈkre.de/[1]

Forms

încrede (third-person singular present încrede, past participle încrezut, third-person subjunctive încreadă), 3rd conjugation[1] Old texts also have the present încrez and the subjunctive să încrează.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian în- + crede (“to believe”).[3][2][1] Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of crede, which is crēdō.[4] The DA explains the reflexive verb with ⟨în⟩ “to trust someone” as a formation by attraction from the phrase “to believe in someone”, and notes that the same prefixed verb exists in other Romance languages, so the Romanian word could be old.[5]

The verb survives south of the Danube: Aromanian ncred “to trust”.[6][7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and DELR date the first record to Coresi's Carte de învățătură (1581).[2][8] Tiktin cites a 16th-century text published by Densusianu.[9] In the old language the transitive verb meant “to entrust”: the preface to the Bible of 1688 speaks of „talantul care ne-au încrezut Domnul” “the talent which the Lord entrusted to us”.[9]

Semantic evolution

Old Romanian used the verb transitively in several senses: “to consider someone (to be) something”, “to entrust”, and “to convert to the true faith”.[8][2] Dosoftei's lives of the saints have this last sense: „căce încredzusă pre hiiu-său ... și-l botedzasă” “for he had converted his son ... and baptized him”.[9] The Bible of 1688 has many forms of the verb, such as the participle încrezut.[10]

The reflexive a se încrede “to trust, rely on” became the main sense, with în or with a dative: Eminescu wrote of the bold one ce se încredea perfidelor unde “who trusted the treacherous waves”.[11][3] In negative phrases it means “not to believe what one is told”.[3][12] A popular sense is “to think too much of oneself, to be conceited”, which gave the adjective încrezut “conceited”.[3][4] The transitive “to entrust” is now dated or popular.[3]

The noun încredere “trust” is recorded from 1818.[8]

Timeline

  • 1581 – Coresi's Carte de învățătură, the first dated record;[2][8][9] Tiktin also cites an undated 16th-century text published by Densusianu.[2][8][9]
  • 1688 – încrezut and other forms in the Bucharest Bible; its preface uses the verb for “to entrust”.[10][9]
  • 1818 – the noun încredere “trust”.[8]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (reflexive) To trust someone or something, to rely on them: Mă încred în prietenii mei. “I trust my friends.”[3][2][12]
  2. (reflexive) To believe what someone says; often in the negative: Nu se încrede în promisiunile lui. “She does not believe his promises.”[3][11]
  3. (reflexive, popular) To have too high an opinion of oneself, to be conceited.[3][12]
  4. (transitive, dated or popular) To entrust something to someone.[3][13]
  5. (obsolete) To convert someone to a faith.[2][8]

Word family

  • crede
  • încredința
  • Aromanian ncred

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1215
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 542
  4. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. crede
  5. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. încrede
  6. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 739
  7. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 713
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. crede
  9. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. încrede
  10. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Deuteronomy 1:32
  11. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 609
  12. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. încrede
  13. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. încrede
Cite this entry

“Încrede.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEncrede. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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