Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word terrível

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1400s spelt terribil and terribel More words from the 15th century
Borrowed from
Latin terribilis
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *tros-eie-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin terreō
Latin terribilis
French terrible
Romanian teribil
Italian terribile
Portuguese terrível
Spanish terrible
From the same root
Latin absterreō ← terreō
Latin conterreō ← terreō
Latin dēterreō ← terreō
Latin exterreō ← terreō
Latin perterreō ← terreō
Latin prōterreō ← terreō
Latin terrificus ← terreō
Latin territō ← terreō
Latin terror ← terreō
English terrible ← terribilis

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /teˈʁi.vew/, [teˈhi.veʊ̯][1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /teˈʁi.vew/, [teˈχi.veʊ̯][1]
  • Portugal: /tɨˈʁi.vɛl/, [tɨˈʁi.vɛɫ][1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /tɨˈʁi.bɛl/, [tɨˈʁi.βɛɫ][1]

Forms

terrível m or f (plural terríveis, comparable, comparative mais terrível, superlative o mais terrível or terribilíssimo)[1] Houaiss records terribil, terribel and tirribel in the 15th century and terrivel in 1589;[2][3] Cunha has terribil in the 16th.[2][3] Bluteau still lists terribel, referring it to terrivel.[4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin terribilis (“frightening, dreadful”), recorded from the 15th century.[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.[5] Wiktionary notes that it can be analysed in Portuguese as terror and the suffix -ível.[1] Spanish terrible, French terrible and Italian terribile are the same Latin word.[6]

The Latin adjective is formed from terreō (“to frighten”) with the suffix -bilis.[7][1] De Vaan derives the verb from Proto-Italic *tros-eje- and Proto-Indo-European *tros-eie- (“to make scared”), a causative related to Ancient Greek τρέω (tréō, “to tremble, flee”).[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the first records to the 15th century, spelt terribil and terribel.[2] A private letter of 1576 still writes teribill.[9]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau defines it as “dreadful, that puts terror”, and Morais (1789) as “that causes terror”.[10][11] Vieira (1871) adds a weaker sense, “felt strongly”, as in vento terrível and tempo terrível.[12] The original Caldas Aulete records more: “invincible” (argumento terrível), “tiresome”, “extraordinary”, “huge” and “exhausting”.[13] Modern dictionaries add “very bad, awful”, and Houaiss and Aurélio a noun for one of the offices of a Masonic lodge.[2][14] The DLP also has a positive sense, “extraordinary, excellent”.[15]

Timeline

  • 15th century – terribil, terribel and tirribel.[2]
  • 1576 – teribill in a private letter.[9]
  • 1589 – first record of the spelling terrivel.[2]
  • 1789 – Morais: “that causes terror”.[11]
  • 1871 – Vieira adds “felt strongly”.[12]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. terrifying, that causes terror: um grito terrível.[2][14][1]
  2. Having disastrous results.[2][14]
  3. Very great, enormous.[2][14]
  4. Very bad, awful: O jantar estava terrível.[2][14][16]
  5. That cannot be fought against; irresistible.[2][17]
  6. Tiresome, annoying.[2][17]
  7. Extraordinary, strange;[14][15] (Portugal) also excellent.[14][15]

Noun

  1. One of the offices in a lodge of maçonaria, freemasonry.[2][14]

Word family

  • terrivelmente
  • terror
  • terrífico

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. terrível
  3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. terrível
  4. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. terribel
  5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. terrível
  6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 492
  7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. terribilis
  8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  9. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. terrível
  10. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. terrivel
  11. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 455
  12. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 712
  13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. terrível
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. terrível
  15. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. terrível
  16. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8940
  17. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. terrível

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Terrível.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/terr%C3%ADvel. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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