Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word teribil

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1831 Ion Heliade Rădulescu More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
French terrible
Ultimate origin
Latin terreō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin terreō
Latin terribilis
French terrible
Romanian teribil
Italian terribile
Spanish terrible
The word's journey
From the same root
Latin absterreō ← terreō
Latin conterreō ← terreō
Latin dēterreō ← terreō
Latin exterreō ← terreō
Latin perterreō ← terreō
Latin prōterreō ← terreō
Latin terrificus ← terreō
Latin territō ← terreō
Latin terror ← terreō
English terrible ← terribilis

Pronunciation

  • /teˈri.bil/[1]

Forms

teribil m or n (feminine singular teribilă, masculine plural teribili, feminine/neuter plural teribile)[1] Older texts write terribil: „o vijălie terribilă” “a terrible storm” (Heliade, Don Juan, 1847).[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French terrible and directly borrowed from Latin terribilis (“frightening”), as DEX, DN and Wiktionary give it;[5][6][1][7][2][8] MDA2 and the DLR add Italian terribile, which Tiktin names first.[5][6][1][7][2][8] The Latin adjective is formed from terreō (“to frighten”) with the suffix -bilis.[9][1] Graur lists it with teroare among the Romanian words of this Latin family.[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from Ion Heliade Rădulescu in 1831; his quotation from Heliade speaks of un cataclism teribil “a terrible cataclysm”.[8] MDA2 dates the word to Heliade's translation of Byron's Don Juan (1847), where a dark sky announces a vijălie terribilă “terrible storm”.[7][2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the Latin one, “inspiring terror”.[2][3] Costinescu in 1870 already gives a figurative sense “great, extraordinary”.[4] In familiar speech the adjective came to mean “tremendous, formidable”, and as an adverb with de it intensifies another adjective: Scriban cites om teribil de prost “a terribly stupid man”.[11][5] The same weakening happened in French terrible from the end of the 16th century.[12]

Timeline

  • 1831 – first record, in Ion Heliade Rădulescu.[8]
  • 1847 – vijălie terribilă “terrible storm” in Heliade's Don Juan.[7][2]
  • 1848 – terribil “causing terror” in Negulici.[3]
  • 1870 – the figurative sense “great, extraordinary” in Costinescu.[4]
  • 1939 – the intensifying adverb teribil de in Scriban.[11]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Inspiring dread; terrible, frightening.[5][7]
  2. (colloquial) tremendous, formidable, extraordinary: o petrecere teribilă.[5][13]

Adverb

  1. With de before an adjective: very, extremely: teribil de obosit “terribly tired”.[5][14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. teribil
  3. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. teribil
  4. ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 611
  5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1119
  6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. teribil
  7. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1204
  8. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. teribil
  9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. terribilis
  10. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 102
  11. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1312
  12. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. terrible
  13. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. teribil
  14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. teribil

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Teribil.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/teribil. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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