Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word suspeitar
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria, spelt sospeytavan More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin suspecto
- Ultimate origin
- Latin suspiciō
Etymology tree
Derivations
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
suspeitar (first-person singular present suspeito, first-person singular preterite suspeitei, past participle suspeitado)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote sospeitar and sospeytar; the form with sus- is recorded from the 16th century.[2][3][4][1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin suspectō (“to look up at; to suspect”), written Old Galician-Portuguese sospeitar in the oldest texts.[2][3][1][5] The Latin verb is a frequentative of suspiciō (“to look up at”), formed on its participle suspectus.[1][6] The classical word for “to suspect” was suspicor; the frequentative took this sense in imperial Latin.[7]
The same Latin verb is Galician sospeitar, Spanish sospechar, Catalan sospitar and Italian sospettare.[8][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Cantigas de Santa Maria use the verb several times: sospeytavan o monge “they suspected the monk”, de mal o sospeitou “he suspected him of evil”, and another cantiga has sempre sospeitava que morress'affogado “always feared that he would drown”.[4] Houaiss dates sospeito and sospeytavan to the 13th century.[2]
Semantic evolution
Besides “to suspect, to mistrust”, the medieval verb meant “to fear” and, reflexive, “to suppose”, and a cantiga d'escarnho of Gil Perez Conde has sospeita-m' el e el eu “he suspects me and I him”.[4] Folqman (1755) and Morais (1813) give the modern pair of senses, “to conjecture” and “to distrust”.[10][11] Modern dictionaries add “to suspect someone of something” and “to foresee”.[2][12]
Timeline
- 1200s – sospeito and sospeytavan; the Cantigas de Santa Maria use the verb several times.[2][4]
- 1300s – ssospeytará.[2]
- c. 1450 – sospeitar in the Livro das tres vertudes.[13]
- 1500s – first record of the form suspeitar.[3]
- 1575 – sospeytando in a private letter.[14]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau still enters the verb under sospeitar.[15]
Meanings
Verb
- To suspect, suppose or guess something from signs or clues: Suspeitava que lhe escondiam a verdade.[2][16][1]
- To suspect someone of something; to cast suspicion on someone: suspeitaram-no de roubo.[2][12]
- (with de) To distrust; to think someone guilty: Suspeitavam do motorista.[2][17]
- To sense in advance; to foresee.[12][18]
Word family
- suspeita
- insuspeito
Related words
- suspeito
- suspeição
- suspicaz
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. sospeitar
- ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. sospechar
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. suspectare
- ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 743
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. sospeitar
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. suspeitar
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. suspeitar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Suspeitar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/suspeitar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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