Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word possessivo

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1540 João de Barros, spelt possessiuo More words from the 16th century
Borrowed from
Latin possessivus
Ultimate origin
Latin possideō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Ancient Greek πόσις (pósios)
Latin potis
Latin possideō
Portuguese possuir
Spanish poseer
French posséder
Italian possedere
Latin possessīvus
English possessive
Portuguese possessivo
Spanish posesivo
The word's journey
From the same root
Latin compos ← potis
Latin impos ← potis
Latin possīdō ← potis
Latin possum ← potis
Latin potestās ← potis
Latin potior ← potis
Latin possessiō ← possideō
Latin possessor ← possideō

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /po.seˈsi.vu/[1]
  • Portugal: /pu.sɨˈsi.vu/[1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /pu.sɨˈsi.bu/, [pu.sɨˈsi.βu][1]

Forms

possessivo (feminine possessiva, masculine plural possessivos, feminine plural possessivas)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin possessīvus (“denoting possession”), first a term of grammar.[2][3][4][1] The Latin adjective is formed from possideō (“to possess”) with the suffix -īvus, and the grammarians used it of possessive pronouns and adjectives and of the genitive case.[1][5] The verb is a compound of potis (“able”) and sedeō (“to sit”).[1] The same Latin verb gave possuir and possessão.[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is João de Barros, in 1540, spelt possessiuo;[2][3] Cunha too dates the word to the 16th century.[2][3] It was a term of grammar for the words that indicate a possessor.[2][6]

Semantic evolution

For three centuries the dictionaries give it only as a grammatical term: Bluteau describes the possessive pronouns meu, teu, seu, nosso, vosso and the possessive adjectives formed from names, Folqman calls it a term of grammar, and Morais adds the caso possessivo, the Latin genitive, which Portuguese expresses with de.[6][7][8] Vieira also records it as a noun, um possessivo.[9] The sense of a person who wants to keep everything, and of a jealous lover who gives no freedom to the one he loves, belongs to the modern dictionaries, partly as a term of psychology.[2][10][11]

Timeline

  • 1540 – first record, spelt possessiuo.[2]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines the possessive pronouns and adjectives.[6]
  • 1755 – Folqman glosses it with Latin possessivus.[7]
  • 1813 – Morais adds caso possessivo for the genitive.[8]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira records it as a noun too.[9]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Wanting to own everything and to share nothing; selfish (egoísta).[2][12]
  2. Having a strong sense of ownership over a loved one; jealous (ciumento), not leaving them free.[2][10][1]
  3. (grammar) Indicating possession (posse): pronome possessivo, adjetivo possessivo.[2][11][1]

Noun

  1. A possessive person.[2][10][1]
  2. (grammar) A possessive pronoun or determiner, such as meu, teu, seu.[11][10]
  3. (grammar) The genitive (genitivo) case.[2][10]

Word family

  • possessividade
  • possessivamente

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. possessivo
  3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. possessivo
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. possessivo
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. possessivus
  6. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. possessivo
  7. ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. possessivo
  8. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 476
  9. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 861
  10. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. possessivo
  11. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. possessivo
  12. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. possessivo

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Possessivo.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/possessivo. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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