Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word piedade

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin pietas
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *puH-io-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin pīus
French pie
French pieux
English pious
Italian pio
Latin pietās
French pitié
Italian pietà
Portuguese piedade
Spanish piedad
English piety
From the same root
Italian empio ← pīus
Latin impius ← pīus
Latin piē ← pīus
Latin piō ← pīus
French pitoyable ← pitié
Italian pietanza ← pietà

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /pi.eˈda.d͡ʒi/, /pjeˈda.d͡ʒi/[1]
  • Portugal: /pjɛˈda.dɨ/, [pjɛˈða.ðɨ], /pjɐˈda.dɨ/[1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /pjɛˈda.dɨ/, /pjɐˈda.dɨ/[1]

Forms

piedade f (plural piedades)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote both piadade and piedade, and the Crónica Geral also has piedat.[2][3] Piadade still occurs in a letter of 1554 and survives in the Portuguese dialects.[4][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin pietas (“dutiful respect; piety”), written Old Galician-Portuguese piadade and Old Galician-Portuguese piedade in the oldest texts.[6][7][1][2] Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word.[8]

The same Latin word is Galician piedade, Spanish piedad, Catalan pietat, Italian pietà and French pitié.[9][1]

The Latin noun is derived from pius (“dutiful, pious”) with the suffix -tās.[10][1] De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *pwījo- and traces it to Proto-Indo-European *puH-io- (“purifying”).[11] Wiktionary relates this to the root *pewH-.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Machado dates the form piadade to 1214.[3] The Cantigas de Santa Maria have Madre de piadade “Mother of mercy” and mui sen piedade “quite without pity”.[2][3] The Crónica Troiana says of the enemy that they had nen piadade njhũa “no pity at all” for them.[2] Houaiss dates both the religious sense and the sense “compassion” to the 13th century.[6]

Semantic evolution

Cunha gives the two senses of today, love and respect for religious things and pity for the sufferings of others, from the 13th century.[7] Bluteau (1712) defines the first as the moral virtue of devotion to God, the saints and holy things, and the second as pity and compassion.[12] Vieira (1871) widens the virtue to the honour due to God, parents and homeland, and Caldas Aulete adds respect for the dead and piedade filial “love of one's parents”.[13][14]

As a woman's name, Piedade comes from Maria da Piedade, an invocation of the Virgin, and churches of Our Lady of Piety gave their name to places in Brazil.[15]

Timeline

  • 1214 – Machado's date for the form piadade.[3]
  • 13th century – piadade and piedade in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[2][3]
  • 14th century – the Trasladação de S. Nicolau.[16]
  • 1554 – piadade in a private letter.[4]
  • 1611 – Barbosa translates it with Latin pietas, clementia and misericordia.[17]
  • 1712 – Bluteau separates the virtue of devotion from compassion.[12]
  • 1871 – Vieira derives it from Latin pietatem.[13]

Meanings

Noun

  1. piety: devotion, love and respect for religious things.[6][1][18]
  2. (Christianity) The virtue by which one gives God the worship due to him.[6]
  3. pity, compassion, mercy for the suffering of others.[6][1][19]
  4. Reverence for the dead.[20][14]
  5. piedade filial: love of one's parents.[6][19]

Word family

  • piedoso
  • apiedar
  • desapiedado

Usage notes

Sem dó nem piedade “without pity or mercy” means ruthlessly.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. piadade
  3. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. piedade
  4. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. piedade
  5. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. piedade
  6. ^ a b c d e f Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. piedade
  7. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. piedade
  8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. piedade
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6485
  10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  11. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  12. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. piedade
  13. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 801
  14. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. piedade
  15. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1952), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 2: Nomes próprios, Rio de Janeiro, p. s.v. piedade
  16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. piedade
  17. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. piedade
  18. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. piedade
  19. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. piedade
  20. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. piedade

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Piedade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/piedade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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