pegureiro

Forms

pegureiro m (plural pegureiros)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote pegureiro and pigureiro, and the 15th century pegoreiros.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin pecorārius (“herdsman”), written Old Galician-Portuguese pegureiro in the oldest texts.^[4][2][5][1] The Latin word is formed pecus (“cattle, livestock”) with the suffix -ārius;^[2][1][6][7] Houaiss glosses it as “one who deals in animals”, Lewis & Short as a farmer of the public pastures and herds, and Niermeyer as “herdsman”.^[2][1][6][7] The REW gives it with the sense “shepherd” as a reconstructed form.^[8] Nascentes reports that Cortesão preferred a Medieval Latin pecurarius, citing pigureiro in a Latin text of 1175.^[9]

The same Latin word is Galician pegureiro, Italian pecoraio, Romanian păcurar and Asturian priguliro.^[8][10][1]

The Latin noun goes back to *pekos, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱ-os (“livestock”), and is related to 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu) and feoh.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Latin legal text of 1175 already has the Romance form pigureiro.^[9] In Galician-Portuguese the word appears in the 13th century with the sense “shepherd, herdsman”: the Cantigas de Santa Maria tell of un menỹo pegureiro “a shepherd boy”, and a cantiga d'escarnho of Fernan Soarez de Quinhones says of some men that they were herdsmen from birth (foron pegureiros).^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712) and Morais (1789) define the pegureiro as a boy who keeps the flock, the humblest of the shepherds, and Vieira as a herdsman under the shepherd's authority.^[11][12][13] The old Caldas Aulete adds a Brazilian sense, a hunting dog or a dog that guards the herd, and a technical one from the Minho, the peg of a reel into which the yarn goes.^[14] As an adjective it means “pastoral”, like pegural.^[2][15] Dialect surveys still record it for “shepherd” in Portugal.^[16]

Timeline

• 1175 – pigureiro in a Latin legal text.^[9]
• 13th century – pegureiro and pigureiro in Galician-Portuguese.^[2][4]
• 13th century – the Cantigas de Santa Maria have un menỹo pegureiro.^[3]
• 15th century – the spelling pegoreiros.^[2]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary gives the Latin gregarius.^[17]
• 1712 – Bluteau: the humblest of the shepherds.^[11]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira: a herdsman under the shepherd's authority.^[13]

Meanings

Noun

1. A herdsman or shepherd, one who keeps cattle or flocks.^[2][15][1]
2. (Brazil) A dog that guards the herd, a sheepdog.^[2][15]
3. A hunting dog.^[2][15]

Adjective

1. Of shepherds; pastoral.^[2][18]

Related words

• pegural
• pecuária
• Latin pecus
• Galician pegureiro

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. pegureiro
3. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. pegureiro
4. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. pegureiro
5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. pegureiro
6. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. pecorarius
7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. pecorarius
8. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6326
9. ^ a b c Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 388
10. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. *pecorarius
11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. pegureiro
12. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 177
13. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 725
14. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. pegureiro
15. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. pegureiro
16. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. pegureiro
17. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. pegureiro
18. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. pegureiro