peidar

Forms

peidar (first-person singular present peido, first-person singular preterite peidei, past participle peidado)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese peido + -ar.^[2][3][4][1] The noun goes back to Old Galician-Portuguese peido, from Latin pēditum (“fart”).^[5][6][1] Nascentes's fuller dictionary of 1955 had derived the verb directly from Latin pēdō (“to fart”), but his later one takes it from the noun.^[7][8]

The new verb displaced the older Old Galician-Portuguese peer, used in the satirical cantigas.^[1][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first date is Morais's dictionary of 1789, and he notes that the word must be older but, being taboo, reached the dictionaries late.^[2] It is in fact already in Cardoso's dictionary of 1569, glossed by Latin pedo.^[10] In the cantigas d'escarnho of the 13th century the verb is still peer: Non quer' eu donzela fea / que ant' a mia porta pea “I don't want an ugly girl farting at my door”, sings Afonso X.^[9][11]

Semantic evolution

The old peer was also slang for dying.^[9] Morais (1789) and Vieira (1871) define peidar simply as “to break wind”.^[12][13] In Brazilian slang the verb has gained the senses “to fail, give out” and “to chicken out”.^[1][14]

Timeline

• 13th century – the older verb peer in the cantigas d'escarnho.^[9]
• 14th century – first record of the noun peido.^[5][6]
• 1569 – Cardoso lists peidar.^[10]
• 1697 – Pereira lists Peidar.^[15]
• 1789 – Morais lists it, which is Houaiss's first date.^[12][2]

Meanings

Verb

1. (vulgar) To fart, break wind.^[2][3][16]
2. (reflexive) To fart repeatedly and involuntarily.^[2][3]
3. (Brazil, vulgar) To fail, lose effectiveness, give out.^[1]
4. (Brazil, slang) To back out from fear, chicken out.^[1][14]

Related words

• peidão
• peido
• peidorreiro

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. peidar
3. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. peidar
4. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. peidar
5. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. peido
6. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. peido
7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. s.v. peidar
8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. peidar
9. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. peer
10. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. peidar
11. ^ Lopes, Graça Videira; Ferreira, Manuel Pedro et al. (2011–), Cantigas Medievais Galego-Portuguesas [online database], Lisboa: Instituto de Estudos Medievais, FCSH/NOVA, https://cantigas.fcsh.unl.pt, p. s.v. peer
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 178
13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 725
14. ^ a b Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. peidar
15. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. peidar
16. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. peidar