Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word mesmo
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1257 a charter, spelt méésmo More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *metipsimus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin ipse
Pronunciation
Forms
mesmo (feminine mesma, masculine plural mesmos, feminine plural mesmas)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote meesmo, mẽesmo, menesmo, medesmo, minismo, mijsmo and mismo.[2][3][4] Wiktionary lists the popular forms memo and mermo.[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *metipsimus, written Old Galician-Portuguese meesmo in the oldest texts.[2][5][1] The Vulgar Latin word is a superlative of metipse, which joins the emphatic particle -met to ipse (“himself, the very”).[2][6][7] The particle strengthened the personal pronouns (egomet (“I myself”)), and Late Latin added the superlative ending to the combined form.[8][9]
The same Vulgar Latin word is Spanish mismo, French même and Italian medesimo.[1][10][11] Corominas, followed by the editors of the Crónica Geral, posits a colloquial variant *medipsimus, and rejects the REW's view that the Ibero-Romance word is a Gallicism.[3][9] Leite de Vasconcelos also preferred the form with /d/, since a /d/ from Latin /t/ would have been kept in Portuguese; the old form medesmo shows the /d/, and the usual old form shows its loss before the contraction to mesmo.[10][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Lorenzo's first record is a charter of 1257, desse méésmo logar “of that same place”; an example of 1204 cited by Machado is false.[3] The word meant “same, not another” and, after a pronoun, “-self”: the Crónica Troiana writes elles meesmos alçauan as uelas “they themselves raised the sails”.[3]
Semantic evolution
In the 15th century Galician notaries used esso mesmo “likewise, also”.[12] Bluteau (1712) calls mesmo a pronoun that singles a thing out from all others, the Latin idem;[13][14] Morais (1789) gives “identical”, “in person” (eu mesmo) and sempre o mesmo “always the same, constant”.[13][14]
The adverbial uses, “even”, “really” and “exactly”, are recorded by Silva Bastos (1912), and today mesmo also stresses a time or place (hoje mesmo, aqui mesmo).[15][2][1] With que it forms the concessive conjunction mesmo que “even if”.[2] Cunha dates the derivative mesmice “sameness” to 1899.[5]
Timeline
- 1257 – desse méésmo logar in a charter.[3]
- 1265 – Houaiss's first date, for the feminine meesma.[2]
- 1268–1293 – charters write minismo, mijsmo and medesmo.[3]
- c. 1431 – mesmo in the Vida do honrado Infante Josafat (witness 1431–1446).[16]
- 1712 – Bluteau gives mesmo as the Latin idem.[13]
- 1789 – Morais records sempre o mesmo “constant”.[14]
- 1899 – first record of mesmice.[5]
Meanings
Adjective
- same, of the same identity, not another: Moramos na mesma rua.[2][17][1]
- Exactly alike, identical.[2][18]
- similar, hardly different.[2][18][1]
- (after a noun or pronoun) In person, oneself: Foi ele mesmo que abriu a porta.[2][17]
- Just mentioned, aforesaid.[2][17]
Pronoun
Adverb
- even: Mesmo os amigos duvidaram.[2][1]
- Really, indeed: Foi mesmo uma surpresa.[2][1]
- (after an adverb of time or place) Right, exactly: hoje mesmo, aqui mesmo.[2][1]
- Precisely, exactly.[2][17]
Word family
- mesmice
- ensimesmado
- ensimesmar
- mesmidade
Related words
Usage notes
Fixed phrases include mesmo assim “even so”, mesmo que “even if” and dar no mesmo “to come to the same thing”.[2][17]
Silva Bastos (1912) derived the word from Italian medesimo, a view the later dictionaries do not follow.[15][2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ a b c d e f Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. meesmo
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. menesmo
- ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. même
- ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. mismo
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 328
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5551
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 77
- ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. mesmo
- ^ a b c d e Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6110
- ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. mesmo
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Mesmo.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/mesmo. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·