Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word manhã
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria, spelt mannãa More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *maneana
- Ultimate origin
- Latin māne
Derivations
Forms
manhã f (plural manhãs)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote mannãa and manhãa, and Houaiss records manhã from the 15th century and the old variant menhã.[2][3][4] Manhãa remained the dictionary spelling into the 19th century, and Silva Bastos (1912) still heads the word manhan.[5][6][7]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *maneāna (“morning”), written Old Galician-Portuguese mannãa in the oldest texts.[2][1] The Vulgar Latin word is short for a phrase meaning “(at an) early hour”, with hōra (“hour”) or diēs (“day”) understood, and was formed from the adverb māne (“in the morning”).[2][8][9][10]
The word is Ibero-Romance: Galician mañá, Spanish mañana, Asturian mañana and Mirandese manhana.[1][11][12] The other Romance languages continue the Latin adverb itself, as in old Italian mane, Old French main and Romanian mâine (“tomorrow”).[13] The Latin adverb is a derivative of mānus (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to ripen, mature”).[1][14]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Cantigas de Santa Maria use the noun mannãa “morning” (hũa mannãa ll'avẽo “one morning it happened to him”) and the phrases de mannãa “in the morning” and cras mannãa “tomorrow morning”.[3] The cantigas d'amigo spell it manhãa or manhana.[4]
Semantic evolution
Medieval Portuguese said cras for “tomorrow”, and cras manhãa “tomorrow morning” was used until the 15th century;[15] manhã then combined with the preposition and article aa, which gave amanhã “tomorrow”.[15] Houaiss dates de manhã “in the morning” to the 14th century.[2]
Pereira (1697) renders Manhãa by Latin mane, and Morais (1813) defines it as the part of the day from dawn to noon.[5][6] Modern dictionaries add the hours from midnight to noon, in telling the time, and the figurative “beginning”.[2][10]
The word passed into Kabuverdianu manhan, Guinea-Bissau Creole manha, Principense manha, Indo-Portuguese manhão and Macanese manhã.[1]
Timeline
- 13th century – first record, spelt mannaa.[2]
- 13th century – mannãa and de mannãa in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3]
- 14th century – the spelling manhãa, and the phrase de manhã.[2]
- 14th century – amenhã “tomorrow”.[15]
- 15th century – the spelling manhã.[2]
- 1513 – the Livro dos Mártires uses the word.[16]
- 1697 – Pereira's dictionary heads it Manhãa.[5]
- 1813 – Morais defines manhãa as the time from dawn to noon.[6]
Meanings
Noun
- The morning: the part of the day from sunrise to noon: Trabalho melhor durante a manhã.[2][9]
- Dawn, daybreak.[2][17]
- In telling the time, the hours from midnight to noon: às quatro da manhã.[2][10]
- (figurative) The beginning of something.[2][17]
Word family
- amanhã
Related words
Usage notes
De manhã and pela manhã both mean “in the morning”, and de manhã cedo “early in the morning”.[2] In Cape Verde manhã-de-páscoa is the name of an ornamental and medicinal plant.[18]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. mannãa
- ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. manhãa
- ^ a b c Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manhãa
- ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 260
- ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. manhan
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5295
- ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. manhã
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5294
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. māne
- ^ a b c Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. amanhã
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. manhã
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. manhã
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Manhã.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/manh%C3%A3. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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