manjedoura

Forms

manjedoura f (plural manjedouras)^[1] Older and variant forms are manjadoira (1456 mangadoiras), manjadoura (1589) and mangedoura (1716); the forms in -oira are still current, and in Portugal manjedoira is the commoner one.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The dictionaries of Cardoso (1569), Barbosa (1611), Pereira (1697) and Bluteau (1712–1728) head the word manjadoura.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Etymology

Houaiss takes it as borrowed from Italian mangiatoia (“manger”), recorded in Italian before 1292, and notes that others derive it from the Portuguese verb manjar “to eat”.^[2] Nascentes, Michaelis and Aulete also give the Italian source, Michaelis calling it a calque, while Aurélio links it with the verb by an uncertain route, possibly through the Italian word.^{[11][6][12][13]} Nascentes's fuller dictionary and the Wikcionário explain the older forms from the verb with the suffix -doura or -doira.^[14][15] The Italian word is formed mangiare (“to eat”) with the suffix -toia.^[1]

The verb is mangier or manger, from Latin mandūcō (“to chew, eat”).^[16][17] The same noun is Galician manxadoira “feeding trough”, Occitan manjadoira and French mangeoire.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's earliest form is mangadoiras in a text of 1456, and Cunha dates manjedoura to the 15th century.^[3][16] The Vita Christi quoted in Lorenzo's chronology uses manjadoira for the manger of the Nativity: foste envolvido em traposzinhos e lançado na manjadoira “you were wrapped in little rags and laid in the manger”.^[18]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed that of a box or trough in a stable from which horses and cattle eat.^[2][12] The 16th- and 17th-century dictionaries translate it by Latin praesepe, and Bluteau describes it as the place where the fodder of horses and other beasts is put in the stable.^[7][10] The old Aulete records cavalo de manjedoura alta for a horse that is poorly fed.^[12]

Dialect surveys record it in Brazil for the Christmas crib (presépio), and in one Portuguese survey for the heap of leaves that fall with the olives at the harvest.^[19]

Timeline

• 1456 – mangadoiras, Houaiss's earliest form.^[3]
• 15th century – first record of manjedoura according to Houaiss and Cunha.^[2][16]
• 1569 – Cardoso translates manjadoura by Latin praesepe.^[7]
• 1589 – the form manjadoura.^[4]
• 1593 – the form manjedoura.^[2]
• 1716 – the form mangedoura;^[2][20] Bluteau refers it to manjadoura.^[2][20]
• 1734 – Feijó gives manjadoura and mangedoira.^[21]
• 1813 – Morais defines manjadòura as a board on which straw is put for the beasts in the stable.^[22]

Meanings

Noun

1. A manger, a fixed box or trough in a stable (estábulo) or stall from which horses and cattle eat: Deitou feno na manjedoura.^[2][23][1]

Related words

• manjar
• comedouro
• cocho
• Italian mangiatoia
• Galician manxadoira

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. manjedoura
3. ^ a b c Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. manjadoira
4. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. manjadoura
5. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 5922
6. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. manjedoura
7. ^ a b c Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manjadoura
8. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manjadoura
9. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manjadoura
10. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manjadoura
11. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. manjedoura
12. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. manjedoura
13. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. manjadoira
14. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. s.v. mangedoura
15. ^ Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. manjadoira
16. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. manjar
17. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. manjar
18. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. manjadoira
19. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. manjedoura
20. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. mangedoura
21. ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. manjadoura
22. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 261
23. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. manjedoura