criação

Forms

criação f (plural criações)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote criaçon, criaçõ and criaçom;^[2][3] criação and cryaçam appear in the 15th century.^[2][3] From the 18th century to the early 20th a spelling creação was used for divine and intellectual creation beside criação for rearing; the spelling reforms dropped the distinction.^[2][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin creātiō (“begetting; creation”), written Old Galician-Portuguese criaçon in the oldest texts.^[2][3][1] Nascentes considers it semi-learned, and Wiktionary notes that it can also be analysed as criar with the suffix -ção.^[4][1] The Latin noun is formed from creō (“to create, beget”) with the suffix -tiō.^[5][1]

The same Latin word gave Spanish criazón, and was borrowed again as Spanish creación, Galician creación, Catalan creació, French création and Italian creazione.^[6][7][1]

In Latin it meant the begetting of children and the election of an official.^[5][8] Christian Latin used it for the creation of the world, and Medieval Latin charters use it for a serf living in his master's household.^[5][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Latin charter of 897 already has criazom.^[2] In Galician-Portuguese the word appears in the 13th century: a Cantiga de Santa Maria says of the Child destas tetas ouv'el criaçon, “from these breasts he had his nursing”, and the phrase un de criaçon meant someone brought up in a lord's household.^[9][3]

Semantic evolution

In medieval documents criação was what one reared: herds and the young of animals, and even slaves, counted as property.^[10] The first dictionaries render it as Latin educatio, “upbringing”, and nutricatio, “nursing”.^[11][12] Morais in 1789 puts first the act of creating something from nothing, proper to God, then the feeding of young people and animals, the breeding of animals and a stock of cattle.^[13]

Modern senses add human invention and artistic work, the founding of an institution, a dramatic role played for the first time, and in fashion a new design.^[2][14] Regional senses are a flock of goats and sheep in north-eastern Brazil, the livestock of an estância in the far south, and natural pasture in the Azores.^{[2][15][16][17]}

Timeline

• 897 – criazom in a Latin charter.^[2]
• 13th century – criaçon in the cantigas.^[9][3]
• 14th century – the spellings criaçõ and criaçom.^[2]
• 15th century – the spellings criação and cryaçam.^[2]
• 1569 – Cardoso glosses it with Latin educatio.^[11]
• 1789 – Morais defines divine creation, nursing and the breeding of animals.^[13]
• 1798 – Viterbo explains the old sense “livestock, property reared”.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act or result of creating (criar), the coming into existence of something: a criação do universo.^[2][18]
2. (religion) God's act of making the world from nothing;^[2][19] (often capitalised) the creation of the world.^[2][19]
3. Everything created; the universe, nature.^[2][18]
4. Human invention or production; a work of art or of the intellect.^[2][20]
5. The founding or setting up of something: a criação de uma escola.^[2][21]
6. The breeding and rearing of animals; the propagation of a species.^[2][22]
7. The upbringing and education of a child; childhood.^[2][20]
8. nursing, suckling.^[2][22]
9. Domestic animals kept for food, especially poultry.^[22][23]
10. (north-eastern Brazil) A flock of goats and sheep.^[2][15]
11. (Azores) Natural pasture.^[2][17]

Word family

• má-criação

Related words

• cria
• criar
• criatura
• criador

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. criação
3. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. criar
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. criação
5. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. creātiō
6. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. criazón
7. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. creación
8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. creatio
9. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. criaçon
10. ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 318
11. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. criação
12. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. criação
13. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 347
14. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. criação
15. ^ a b Navarro, Fred (2004), Dicionário do Nordeste, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, p. s.v. criação
16. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. criação
17. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. criação
18. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. criação
19. ^ a b Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. criação
20. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2566
21. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. criação
22. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. criação
23. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. criação