criazón

Forms

criazón f (plural criazones)^[1] Old Spanish also wrote criaçon, criación and criason.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish criazon, inherited from Latin creātiō (“creation; begetting”).^[5][1][6] Corominas lists it among the derivatives of criar, with a Hispanic Low Latin criationes in a charter of 780.^[4] DICCA-XV and the 19th-century dictionaries of Echegaray and Barcia derive it from that verb itself.^[7][8][9]

In the Medieval Latin of Spain the word was already used for serfs living in or near the lord's house.^[10] The learned creación is the doublet taken from the same Latin word.^[6][1] Portuguese criação is the Portuguese counterpart.^[1]

The Latin noun is formed from creō (“to create, beget”) with the suffix -tiō.^[1][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140) has los de criazon for the men brought up in the lord's household, and escuderos de criazon for squires reared by him.^[2][3][4] Menéndez Pidal studied the medieval idea behind the word: the upbringing a lord gave his vassals.^[4][2]

Semantic evolution

In 13th-century texts it is the household as a body of people: Berceo's toda la criazon going to dinner, the Libro de Apolonio and the Libro de Alexandre (bien sus criazones, of Hector's men).^[12][2] The Apolonio also uses it for offspring.^[2] Alfonso X's prose has three senses: the people of a house under the lord's authority, any created thing, and the rearing of livestock.^[13]

In the Americas the stock-breeding sense was alive in Venezuela in 1723 (criazón de mulas).^[14] Terreros in 1786 called the household sense old and gave Oudin's “rearing of animals and birds”.^[15] The Academy marked the word obsolete in 1899; today's DLE gives “domestic staff” and “rearing of animals” as current senses and the household under a lord as obsolete.^[16][5] Moliner and Wiktionary call it archaic or rare.^[17][1]

Timeline

• 780 – a charter in Latin has criationes.^[4]
• c. 1140 – first record in Spanish, in the Cantar de mio Cid.^[4][2]
• c. 1235 – Berceo uses it for a monastery's household.^[12]
• 1250 – a document about Olocau names a Turris de la Criasó.^[4]
• 1256–1300 – Alfonso X's laws use it for the rearing of livestock.^[13]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija's pollazon, criazon de pollos “a brood of chicks”.^[7]
• 1723 – used in Venezuela for the breeding of mules and cattle.^[14]
• 1899 – the Academy's dictionary marks it as obsolete, meaning “family”.^[16]

Meanings

Noun

1. (archaic) The servants or domestic staff of a house.^[5][1]
2. (rare) The breeding or rearing of animals.^[5][1]
3. (obsolete) The household: the people living in a house under the authority of its lord.^[5][13]

Related words

• criador
• criar
• crianza
• criado
• creación
• Latin creātiō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Boggs, R. S.; Kasten, Lloyd; Keniston, Hayward; Richardson, H. B. (1946), Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, 2 vols., Chapel Hill, N.C., p. 152
3. ^ a b Cejador y Frauca, Julio (1929), Vocabulario medieval castellano, Madrid: Librería y Casa Editorial Hernando, p. 138
4. ^ a b c d e f g Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 241
5. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. criazón
6. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. art. 1958
7. ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. criazón
8. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 500
9. ^ Barcia, Roque (1880–1883), Primer diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: Establecimiento Tipográfico de Álvarez Hermanos, p. 1105
10. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. creatio
11. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. creātiō
12. ^ a b Alonso Pedraz, Martín (1986), Diccionario medieval español: desde las Glosas Emilianenses y Silenses (s. X) hasta el siglo XV, 2 vols., Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, p. 814
13. ^ a b c Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. criazón
14. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. criazón
15. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 1, 549
16. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 283
17. ^ Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. criazón