cozinha

Forms

cozinha f (plural cozinhas)^[1] Medieval texts write cozynna (13th century), cozina and cozinha (14th century) and coziinha (15th century).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin cocīna (“kitchen”), written Old Galician-Portuguese cozynna in the 13th century.^[2][3][1] The Late Latin form replaced the classical Latin coquīna (“the art of cooking; kitchen”).^[3][1][4] The Latin noun is formed from coquus (“a cook”) with the suffix -īna, like its doublet popīna (“eating-house”), and belongs to the family of coquō (“to cook”).^[5][1]

The same Latin word is Galician cociña, Spanish cocina, Catalan cuina, Occitan cosina, French cuisine and Italian cucina.^[6][1][7] It was also borrowed early into German and Welsh: Küche and cegin.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Latin charter of 946 already has the Romance form cozina.^[2] In Galician-Portuguese the word appears in the 13th century as cozynna.^[2][3] In the cantigas it means both the kitchen (do al que na cozinh'ouver “of whatever else there is in the kitchen”) and the food cooked there: Quen vee qual cozinha ten / de carne “whoever sees what dish of meat he has”.^[8][1]

Semantic evolution

The medieval sense “cooked food” matches Medieval Latin coquina, which also meant both the kitchen and a cooked dish.^[8][9] The senses “art of cooking” and “the dishes typical of a country or region” (cozinha portuguesa, cozinha mineira) are recorded by the modern dictionaries.^[2][10] Figueiredo (1899) records cozinha as slang for a police station.^[11][12] Brazilian Portuguese uses it informally for the back of a room, in football for the inner zone of a defence, in journalism for the preparation of copy for print, and in music for the rhythm section.^[2][10] On the estancias of Rio Grande do Sul it is the shed with the open fire where the hands gather to drink mate and eat.^[13] Regional surveys in Portugal record it for food and for pig swill.^[14]

The word passed into the languages of India and Ceylon, among them Konkani, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Tulu and Sinhalese, and into cushina and kosinha.^[1]

Timeline

• 946 – the Romance form cozina in a Latin charter.^[2]
• 13th century – cozynna, the first record in Galician-Portuguese.^[2][3]
• 14th century – the spellings cozinha and cozina.^[2]
• c. 1430 – the word in the Horto do Esposo (copied 1390–1437).^[15]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary heads the word Cozinha.^[16]
• 1601 – cosinha in a private letter.^[17]
• 1712 – Bluteau notes that he found no example of coquina in the classical authors, who say culina.^[18]
• 1899 – Figueiredo records the slang sense “police station”.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. A kitchen, the room where food is prepared; the kitchen of a restaurant, ship or aircraft.^[2][19][1]
2. The art of preparing food, cookery.^[2][10]
3. The dishes typical of a country or region, a cuisine.^[2][10][1]
4. The preparing of food, cooking.^[10][20]
5. (Brazil, informal) The back part of a room.^[2][19]
6. (Brazil, football) The inner zone of a team's defence.^[2]
7. (journalism) The preparation of copy for publication.^[2][10]
8. (music) The rhythm section of a band.^[2]
9. (Portugal, slang) A police station.^[12][11]

Word family

• cozinheiro

Related words

• cozedeira
• cozedura
• cozer
• cozido
• cozimento
• cozinhado
• cozinhar
• Latin coquīna
• Galician cociña
• Spanish cocina

Usage notes

Sal de cozinha is common table salt.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cozinha
3. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. cozinha
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. cozinha
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. coquina
8. ^ a b Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. cozinha
9. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. coquina
10. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. cozinha
11. ^ a b c Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 358
12. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. cozinha
13. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. cozinha
14. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. cozinha
15. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. cozinha
16. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cozinha
17. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. cozinha
18. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cozinha
19. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. cozinha
20. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2542