Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word confiar

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1214 the testament of Afonso II More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin *confido
Ultimate origin
Latin fīdō

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /kõ.fiˈa(ʁ)/, [kõ.fiˈa(h)], /kõˈfja(ʁ)/[1]
  • São-Paulo: /kõ.fiˈa(ɾ)/, /kõˈfja(ɾ)/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /kõ.fiˈa(ʁ)/, [kõ.fiˈa(χ)], /kõˈfja(ʁ)/[1]
  • Caipira: /kõ.fiˈa(ɻ)/, /kõˈfja(ɻ)/[1]

Forms

confiar (first-person singular present confio, first-person singular preterite confiei, past participle confiado)[1] Houaiss records the spellings cõffiar in the 14th century and comffyar in the 15th; a letter of 1504 has quõfyado.[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *cōnfīdō (“to trust”), the classical cōnfīdō moved from the third conjugation to the first, as Houaiss, the DLP and Aurélio reconstruct it; it is already spelt as now in 1214.[2][4][5][1][6] Cunha treats it in the article on fiar, which shows the same change.[7][8] Vieira, Silva Bastos and Figueiredo explained it instead as formed in Portuguese from com- and that verb.[9][10][11] Nascentes too derives it from the classical verb with a change of conjugation, but calls it a modern formation, although Lorenzo records it in the 13th century.[12][6]

The same Latin verb is Italian confidare, French confier, Catalan confiar and Spanish confiar.[13][14] The Latin verb is made of con- and fīdō (“to trust”), which goes back to *feiðō and *bʰéydʰeti (“to trust”).[15][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest record is in the testament of Afonso II of 1214: com eu en eles confio “as I trust in them”.[6] The Cantigas de Santa Maria use the verb intransitively with en, de and por, as in confiand'en Deus “trusting in God”.[6] The first sense is thus “to trust, rely on”.[6][16]

Semantic evolution

The transitive sense “to entrust, hand over in trust” followed the medieval “to trust in”: Cardoso (1569) translates the verb with Latin fido and confido, and Morais (1789) gives both “to have confidence, hope in” and, as old, “to hand over safely”.[17][18] Vieira adds “to communicate, confide” (confiar um segredo) and quotes Diogo do Couto's como de vós confio “as I trust you to”.[9] Houaiss distinguishes entrusting something or someone to another's care, entrusting a task, confiding a secret, and believing in someone's good faith.[2] Brazilian usage also has confiar de beside confiar em.[19][5]

Timeline

  • 1214 – confio in the testament of Afonso II.[6]
  • 14th century – the spelling cõffiar.[2]
  • c. 1430 – confiar in the Horto do Esposo (copied 1390–1437).[20]
  • 15th century – the spelling comffyar.[2]
  • 1504 – quõfyado in a private letter.[3]
  • 1569 – Cardoso translates confiar as Latin fido and confido.[17]
  • 1789 – Morais gives the senses “to trust, hope in” and “to entrust”.[18]
  • 1871 – Vieira records confiar um segredo.[9]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To entrust, put (something or someone) in another's care: Confiou o cão aos vizinhos durante as férias.[2][21][1]
  2. To entrust (someone) with a task or a mission.[2][4]
  3. To confide, tell (a secret, one's feelings) in confidence.[2][5]
  4. (with em, de) To trust, rely on, believe in the honesty or ability of: confiar nos amigos.[2][5][1]
  5. (intransitive) To have faith or hope that things will go well.[2][4][21]
  6. (pronominal) To entrust oneself (to someone).[2][21]

Word family

  • confiança
  • confiante
  • confiável
  • desconfiar

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. confiar
  3. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. confiar
  4. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. confiar
  5. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. confiar
  6. ^ a b c d e f Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. confiar
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. fiar
  8. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. fiar
  9. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 395
  10. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. confiar
  11. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 329
  12. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. confiar
  13. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2134
  14. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. confidare
  15. ^ Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org
  16. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. confiar
  17. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. confiar
  18. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 307
  19. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. confiar
  20. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. confiar
  21. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. confiar

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Confiar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/confiar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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