condado

Forms

condado m (plural condados)^[1] Old texts also write cõdado (14th century) and comdado (15th century).^[2][3]

Etymology

Houaiss, the DLP, Aurélio and Aulete form it from Portuguese conde + -ado, and the glossary of the Crónica Geral also derives it from conde.^{[2][4][5][6][3]} Wiktionary, Michaelis and the older dictionaries of Vieira and Figueiredo take it straight from Latin comitātus, the Latin word for the office and the district of a count.^{[1][7][8][9][10]} The word for the count goes back to comes (“companion”).^[9][11]

The Latin word lives on in Spanish condado, Catalan comtat, French comté and Italian contado.^[1][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Latin charters of 1077 and 1085 already write the Romance form: condadu and condato, for the land and rights held from the count.^[3][2] In Galician-Portuguese the Cantigas de Santa Maria speak of o condado de Bretanna, and a document of 1299 has ẽna uoz do condado.^[3] The Miragres de Santiago have cõdado de Peirigol, the county of Périgord.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The medieval word named the territory over which a count held civil and military jurisdiction, and Viterbo records it for the districts into which the territory of Lugo was divided from the 6th century to the 12th.^[13][14] In the old charters of Portugal it was also a due that a tenant paid to the lord, usually in fish or game.^[15][2] The dictionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries give it as the dignity of a count.^[16][17] Vieira (1871–1874) adds the territorial divisions of England, and Houaiss those of the United States.^[8][2]

Timeline

• 1077 – a Latin charter writes condadu.^[3][2]
• 1085 – illo casal de illo condato in a Latin charter.^[3]
• 1299 – ẽna uoz do condado in a Galician-Portuguese document.^[3]
• 14th century – cõdado in the Crónica Geral of 1344.^[3][2]
• 1513 – condado in the Livro dos Mártires.^[18]
• 1569 – Cardoso glosses condado with Latin comitatus.^[19]
• 1611 – Barbosa defines it as the dignity of a count.^[16]
• 1798 – Viterbo explains the old due called condado.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. (history) A county: land given by a king to a count, over which he held civil, political and military jurisdiction; land held by a count.^[2][5][1]
2. (history) A lordship that gave its holder the title of count.^[2]
3. The title or dignity of a count (conde); an earldom.^[2][4][1]
4. A county as an administrative division of some countries, such as England or the United States.^[2][4][1]
5. (law, historical) A due that tenants paid to the owner of the land; a due paid for game killed on another's land.^[2][4]

Related words

• conde
• condessa
• Latin comitatus
• Spanish condado

Usage notes

In a cantiga of Don Pedro of Portugal a terra de Condado is his own county of Barcelos.^[20] Condado is also the name of towns in the Brazilian states of Paraíba and Pernambuco.^[21]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. condado
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. condado
4. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. condado
5. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. condado
6. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. condado
7. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. condado
8. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 383
9. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 327
10. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. comitatus
11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. comte
12. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. condado
13. ^ Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 24
14. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 438
15. ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 299
16. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. condado
17. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. condado
18. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. condado
19. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. condado
20. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. condado
21. ^ Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. condado