comigo

Forms

comigo^[1] Houaiss records the old forms comego and conmigo (13th century), cõmjgo (14th) and commiguo (15th).^[2] The spelling commigo was usual before the reforms: Figueiredo (1899) refers comigo to it.^[3][1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese com + migo.^[2][1][4] The old Old Galician-Portuguese migo, also Old Galician-Portuguese mego, is from Latin mēcum (“with me”), which is mē (“me”) with the postposed cum (“with”).^[2][1][5] Since the preposition inside it was no longer felt, it was added a second time in front.^[2][6] Houaiss thinks this doubling may already go back to Vulgar Latin *cumecum, since it is also found in Spanish conmigo, Old Italian commeco and Dalmatian konmaik.^[2][7] The vowel /i/ of the last part in place of the /e/ of Old Galician-Portuguese comego is due to the stressed pronoun Old Galician-Portuguese mi, today mim.^[2][6]

Galician comigo is formed in the same way.^[8] García de Diego records Old Spanish migo and Old Spanish comigo as well as the Portuguese word.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word is recorded from the 13th century.^[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria have it in que a leixes e te vaas comigo “that you leave her and go with me”, and the cantigas d'escarnho in Pedr' Amigo de Sevilha's dizede-lhi que comigo albergastes “tell him that you lodged with me”.^[10]

Semantic evolution

The simple migo (mego) lived on beside comigo in the cantigas, alone and after con, as in nen Pero Galego for ora con mego.^[11] It has since gone out of use, and comigo serves for all the senses of “with me”: company, fica comigo; one's own mind, pensei comigo; concern, isso não é comigo; and keeping, o livro está comigo.^[12][13] Nascentes notes that in Brazil the first syllable is pronounced nasal, by analogy with contigo and consigo.^[6]

Timeline

• 13th century – first records, also as comego and conmigo.^[2][10]
• 14th century – the spelling cõmjgo.^[2]
• 1431 – comigo in the Vida do honrado Infante Josafat (witness 1431–1446).^[14]
• 1611 – Barbosa renders Comigo by Latin mecum.^[15]
• 1899 – Figueiredo heads the word commigo.^[3]

Meanings

Pronoun

1. with me: the form the pronoun eu takes after the preposition com: falou comigo ontem.^[2][16][1]
2. In my company: vem comigo ao mercado.^[2][12]
3. At the same time as me, together with me: cantem comigo.^[13][12]
4. To myself, in my own mind: pensei comigo que era tarde.^[12][17]
5. Concerning me, aimed at me: aquela indireta era comigo?^[12][4]
6. In my keeping or possession; my responsibility: as chaves estão comigo.^[12][4]

Related words

• contigo
• consigo
• eu
• mim
• Latin mēcum
• Galician comigo
• Spanish conmigo

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. comigo
3. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. comigo
4. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. comigo
5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. mecum
6. ^ a b c Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. comigo
7. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. conmigo
8. ^ Estraviz, Isaac Alonso, Dicionário Estraviz, https://estraviz.org, p. s.v. comigo
9. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. mecum
10. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. comigo
11. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. migo
12. ^ a b c d e f Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2248
13. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. comigo
14. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. comigo
15. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. comigo
16. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. comigo
17. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. comigo