Dutch words from Proto-Germanic
239 Dutch words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 3).
meer
1. The noun meaning “lake” is inherited from Middle Dutch mere, inherited from Old Dutch meri, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mari, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mari. The same word is Old…
meest
It is inherited from Middle Dutch meest, inherited from Old Dutch meist (“greatest”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *maist, inherited from Proto-Germanic *maista- (“most, greatest”). It has…
mens
It is inherited from Middle Dutch mensche, inherited from Old Dutch mennisko, inherited from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz (“human”): the weak form of an adjective meaning “human” used as a noun. The…
met
It is inherited from Middle Dutch met, inherited from Old Dutch mit (earlier miþ), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *midi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *midi (“with”). The preposition developed…
mij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch mi, inherited from Old Dutch mī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *miz, in form a dative. Old Dutch already used it for the accusative too, since the North Sea…
mijn
1. The possessive “my” is inherited from Middle Dutch mijn, inherited from Old Dutch mīn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mīna-. It was originally the…
mis
1. The Mass is inherited from Middle Dutch misse, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin missa (“Mass”), a Christian Latin word first found in 385. The Middle Dutch form ⟨messe⟩ is explained by De Vries…
moeder
It is inherited from Middle Dutch moeder, inherited from Old Dutch muoder, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (“mother”). The same word is Old Saxon…
moeten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch moeten, inherited from Old Dutch muotan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. The EWN gives the Proto-Germanic sense as…
mogen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch mogen, inherited from Old Dutch mugan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *magan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *maganą (“to be able”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
morgen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch morghen, inherited from Old Dutch morgan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *morgin, inherited from Proto-Germanic *murgana- (“morning”). The same word is Old…
na
It is inherited from Middle Dutch na, inherited from Old Dutch nāh, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nēhw (“near”), an adverb formed from the adjective…
naam
It is inherited from Middle Dutch name, inherited from Old Dutch namo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *namō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *namô (“name”). The same word is Old Saxon namo, Old…
naar
1. The preposition meaning “to, towards” is inherited from Middle Dutch naer, inherited from Old Dutch *nār, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *nāhuriʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz. It…
nacht
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nacht, inherited from Old Dutch naht, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *naht, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European…
nee
It is inherited from Middle Dutch neen (also nee), inherited from Old Dutch nēn (“none, not one”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *ne ainan (“not one, nothing”), a fusion of the negative particle *ne…
nemen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nēmen, inherited from Old Dutch neman, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *neman, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nemaną (“to take”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
net
1. The noun is inherited from Middle Dutch nette, inherited from Old Dutch *netti, inherited from Proto-Germanic *natją (“net”). The same word is Old Saxon netti, Old High German nezzi (modern…
niet
1. It is inherited from Middle Dutch niet, earlier niwet, inherited from Old Dutch niewiht (“nothing”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht. It was formed from the negative particle…
nieuw
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nieuwe, inherited from Old Dutch niuwi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz (“new”). The same word is Old Saxon niuwi…
nodig
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nôdich, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *naudīg, inherited from Proto-Germanic *naudīgaz (“necessary; forced”), a derivative of the noun Proto-Germanic *naudiz…
noemen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch noemen, inherited from Old Dutch *nuomen, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nōmijaną, a verb formed with ablaut from the noun behind naam “name”. The same verb is…
nog
It is inherited from Middle Dutch noch, inherited from Old Dutch noh (“until now, still”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *noh, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nuh (“still”). It was made from…
nou
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nou, a variant of nu, inherited from Old Dutch nu, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *nū, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nu (“now”). The same word is Old Saxon nū…
nu
It is inherited from Middle Dutch nû, inherited from Old Dutch nū, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nu. The same word is Old Saxon nū, Old High German nū (modern German nun), Old Frisian nū (modern…
ogen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ôghen, inherited from Old Dutch ôgen (“to show, point out”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *augijan, a verb formed from the word for eye. In the sense “to…
om
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ombe, inherited from Old Dutch umbi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *umbi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *umbi. The Middle Dutch form became ⟨omme⟩ by…
onder
It is inherited from Middle Dutch onder, inherited from Old Dutch under, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *undar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *under (“under; among”). The same word is Old Saxon…
ons
1. The pronoun is inherited from Middle Dutch ons, inherited from Old Dutch uns, inherited from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”). The same word is Old Saxon ūs, Old High German uns (modern German uns)…
ontmoeten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ontmoeten, in the east ⟨entmuten⟩ and ⟨untmuten⟩, formed from Middle Dutch ont- + moeten (“to meet”): the prefix ont-, which here marks the start of an action, on…
ook
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ooc, inherited from Old Dutch ōk, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *auk, inherited from Proto-Germanic *auk. The same word is Old Saxon ōk, Old High German ouh…
op
It is inherited from Middle Dutch op, up (also oppe, uppe), inherited from Old Dutch up, inherited from Proto-Germanic *upp (“up, upwards”). Kroonen reconstructs an ablauting adverb Proto-Germanic…
open
It is inherited from Middle Dutch open, inherited from Old Dutch opan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *opan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *upana- (“open”). The same word is Old Saxon opan, Old…
oud
It is inherited from Middle Dutch out, inherited from Old Dutch alt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ald, inherited from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown, old”). The Old Dutch form became ⟨oud⟩ in…
over
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ōver, inherited from Old Dutch ovir, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *obar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *uber. The same word is Old Saxon oƀar, Old High German…
plek
It is inherited from Middle Dutch plecke, inherited from Proto-Germanic *plakjo- (“spot, stain”), a variant with a different vowel beside plak, which also meant “spot, place” in Middle Dutch and…
redden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch redden, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hraddjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hradjaną (“to save, rescue”). The same verb is Middle Low German redden, Old…
rijden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch rîden, inherited from Old Dutch rīdan (“to ride”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną (“to ride”). The same strong…
samen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch tsamen, a contraction of tesamen, from Old Dutch tesaman: the adverb saman (“together”) with the preposition te. The adverb is inherited from Proto-West Germanic…
schat
It is inherited from Middle Dutch scat, inherited from Old Dutch skat, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skatt, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skatta- (“wealth, property, cattle”). The same word…
schieten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch schieten, inherited from Old Dutch skietan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skeutan- (“to shoot, dash”). The same verb…
schuld
It is inherited from Middle Dutch scult, inherited from Old Dutch skult, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skuldi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz (“obligation, debt”). It is an abstract…
slapen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch slâpen, inherited from Old Dutch slāpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *slāpan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *slēpan- (“to sleep”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
slecht
It is inherited from Middle Dutch slecht, inherited from Proto-Germanic *slihta- (“smooth, flat”). The same word is Old High German sleht (modern German schlecht), Middle Low German slicht, Old…
snel
It is inherited from Middle Dutch snel, inherited from Old Dutch *snel, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *snell, inherited from Proto-Germanic *snellaz (“quick, bold”). The same word is Old Saxon…
spelen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch spêlen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *spilōn (“to play; to dance”), a verb formed in West Germanic from the noun *spil (“play, game”), the ancestor of spel…
spreken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch spreken, inherited from Old Dutch sprecan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak”). The same verb is Old…
staan
It is inherited from Middle Dutch stâen, inherited from Old Dutch stān, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stān, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”). The same verb is Old Saxon stān…
stad
It is inherited from Middle Dutch stat, inherited from Old Dutch stat, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place”). The same noun is Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐍃…
sterven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sterven, inherited from Old Dutch stervan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną (“to become stiff; to die”). The same verb is Old Saxon sterƀan, Old High German…
stoppen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch stoppen, inherited from Old Dutch stuppon (“to stop up”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Middle Dutch also had a form ⟨stopen⟩. The same verb is…
stuk
It is inherited from Middle Dutch stuc, inherited from Old Dutch *stukki, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stukkiją (“piece”). The same word is Old Saxon stukki, Old High German stucki (modern German…
sturen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sturen, inherited from Old Dutch stiuren (“to lead, guide”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stiurijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną (“to direct…
te
1. The preposition is inherited from Middle Dutch te, inherited from Old Dutch te (once ti), inherited from Proto-Germanic *ta (“to”). It is an old weakened form of the adverb toe: in the West…
tijd
It is inherited from Middle Dutch tijt, inherited from Old Dutch tīt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”). The same word is Old Saxon tīd, Old…
toe
It is inherited from Middle Dutch toe, inherited from Old Dutch *tuo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *tō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to, towards”). The Old Dutch form is inferred from…
toen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch doen, beside doe, inherited from Old Dutch thuo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þō (“then”). The Old Dutch adverb arose from the instrumental case of the…
twee
It is inherited from Middle Dutch twee, inherited from Old Dutch twē, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *twai-, inherited from Proto-Germanic *twai, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁…
uit
It is inherited from Middle Dutch uut (also ûte), inherited from Old Dutch ūt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ūt, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”). The same word is Old Saxon ūt, Old…
uw
It is inherited from Middle Dutch uwe, inherited from Old Dutch iuwa (“your (plural)”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. It was the possessive that…