Dutch words from Proto-Germanic
239 Dutch words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 2).
gewoon
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ghewone, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ga-wuna-. It is formed with the prefix ge- on a stem related by ablaut to the verb wennen: the zero grade of Proto-Germanic…
god
It is inherited from Middle Dutch god, inherited from Old Dutch got, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *god, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gudą (“god”). The same word is Old Saxon god, Old High…
goed
It is inherited from Middle Dutch goet, inherited from Old Dutch guot, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz (“good”). The same word is Old Saxon gōd, Old…
graag
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gradich (“hungry, greedy”), inherited from Old Dutch *grādag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grādag, inherited from Proto-Germanic *grēdagaz (“hungry”)…
groot
It is inherited from Middle Dutch groot, inherited from Old Dutch grōt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *graut, inherited from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. The same word is Old Saxon grōt, Old High…
haar
1. The pronoun is inherited from Middle Dutch haer (also hare, huere), inherited from Old Dutch iro (later hiro), inherited from Proto-Germanic *iz- (“of her, of them”). It was at first the genitive…
halen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch halen, inherited from Old Dutch *halon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *halōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *halōn-. The same verb is Old Saxon halōn (Middle…
hand
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hant, inherited from Old Dutch hant, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *handu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *handuz. It is a common Germanic word: Old Saxon hand…
hart
It is inherited from Middle Dutch herte, inherited from Old Dutch herta, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hertan- (“heart”). The same word is Old Saxon…
hebben
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hebben, inherited from Old Dutch hebon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *habjaną. The double /bb/ of the infinitive comes…
heel
It is inherited from Middle Dutch heel, inherited from Old Dutch hēl, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hail, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, sound”). The same word is Old Saxon hēl…
heen
1. The adverb is inherited from Middle Dutch henen (“away from here”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *hinana- (“away from here”). It is formed from the pronominal stem Proto-Germanic *hi- (“this…
heer
1. The lord is inherited from Middle Dutch hêre, inherited from Old Dutch hērro, borrowed from Old High German hēriro (“ruler, man of rank”), originally the comparative of the adjective hēr (“old…
heet
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hêet, inherited from Old Dutch heit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hait, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haita- (“hot”). The same adjective is Old Saxon hēt…
helpen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch helpen, inherited from Old Dutch helpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *helpaną (“to help”). The same word is Old Saxon…
hem
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hem, inherited from Old Dutch himo (more often imo), inherited from Proto-Germanic *himmai, originally the dative singular masculine and neuter of the third-person…
hen
1. The bird is inherited from Middle Dutch henne (also ⟨hinne⟩), inherited from Old Dutch *henna, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hanjō (“hen”). It was…
het
It is inherited from Middle Dutch het, inherited from Old Dutch it, inherited from Proto-Germanic *it, a pronoun found in all the Germanic languages. The same pronoun is Old Saxon it, Old High…
hier
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hier, inherited from Old Dutch hier, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r. The Wachtendonck Psalms have the longer Old Dutch…
hij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hi, inherited from Old Dutch hē, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hiz. Old Dutch also has hie, and Middle Dutch occasionally…
hoe
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hoe, inherited from Old Dutch huo, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwō. The same word is Old Saxon hwō, Old High German wuo, Old Frisian hū and Old English hū…
hoofd
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hovet, inherited from Old Dutch hōvit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haubid, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”). Middle Dutch ⟨hovet⟩ also became…
hoop
1. The heap is inherited from Middle Dutch hoop, inherited from Old Dutch *hōp, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haupa- (“heap, pile”). Old Dutch has it first in the derived verb hōpon (“to heap up”)…
horen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch horen, inherited from Old Dutch hōren, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”). The same word is Old…
houden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch houden, earlier halden, inherited from Old Dutch haldan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haldaną. Its ⟨ou⟩ developed from…
huis
It is inherited from Middle Dutch huus, inherited from Old Dutch hūs, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hūsa-. The same word is Old Saxon hūs, Old High German…
hulp
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hulpe, inherited from Old Dutch hulpa, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hulpō (“help”), a noun formed from the root of helpen in its zero grade. The same form is…
hun
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hen, also spelled hun, inherited from Old Dutch im, inherited from Proto-Germanic *im, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eimus, originally the dative plural of…
ie
It is inherited from Middle Dutch -i, the enclitic form of the pronoun hi (“he”), which became hij when stressed. The Middle Dutch dictionary gives examples such as ⟨haddi⟩ “had he”, ⟨dedi⟩ “did he”…
ik
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ic, inherited from Old Dutch ik, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ik, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ek. The same word is Old Saxon ik, Old High German ih…
in
It is inherited from Middle Dutch in, inherited from Old Dutch in, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *in, inherited from Proto-Germanic *in. Old Dutch also had the adverbs inna and inne “inside”…
ja
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ja, inherited from Old Dutch *jā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ja. The same particle is Old Saxon jā, Old High German jā (modern German ja), Old Frisian jē, Old…
jaar
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jaer, inherited from Old Dutch jār, inherited from Proto-Germanic *jēra- (“year”). The same word is Old Saxon jār, Old High German jār (modern German Jahr), Old…
je
It is the unstressed form of jij, and like it a Holland form of the pronoun that elsewhere became gij: inherited from Middle Dutch ji, beside gi, inherited from Old Dutch gī, inherited from…
jij
It is the Hollandic form of the pronoun that became gij in most of the Dutch-speaking area: inherited from Middle Dutch ji, a northern form beside gi, inherited from Old Dutch gī (“you (plural)”)…
jou
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jou, inherited from Old Dutch *jū, inherited from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, the object form of the pronoun of the second person, at first only in the plural. The…
jouw
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jouwe, inherited from Old Dutch *jūwa, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. In Middle Dutch it was a western by-form…
kennen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch kennen, inherited from Old Dutch kennen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”), the causative of…
kind
It is inherited from Middle Dutch kint, inherited from Old Dutch kint, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kind, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kinþa- (“child”). The same word is Old Saxon kind and…
klein
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cleine, inherited from Old Dutch klēni, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *klainī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *klainja- (“fine, pure”). The adjective is found…
klinken
1. To sound is inherited from Middle Dutch clinken, beside clingen, inherited from Old Dutch *clingan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *klinganą (“to sound”). The same verb is Old High German klingan…
komen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch comen, inherited from Old Dutch kuman, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kweman, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. The same word is Old Saxon kuman, Old…
kopen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch côpen, inherited from Old Dutch cōpon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kaupōną (“to trade, buy”). The Germanic verb was…
krijgen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch crîghen, inherited from Old Dutch *crīgan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krīgan (“to strive, struggle”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *krīganą. In Middle…
kunnen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch connen, inherited from Old Dutch kunnan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną. The same verb is Old Saxon kunnan, Old…
land
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lant, inherited from Old Dutch lant, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *land, inherited from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), which Kroonen gives as the neuter stem…
lang
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lanc, inherited from Old Dutch lang, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lang, inherited from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”). The same word is Old Saxon lang, Old…
laten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch laten, inherited from Old Dutch lātan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lātan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *lētaną (“to let, allow”). The same word is Old…
leren
1. The verb is inherited from Middle Dutch lêren, inherited from Old Dutch lēren (“to teach”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”)…
leven
The verb is inherited from Middle Dutch leven, inherited from Old Dutch libbon, inherited from Proto-Germanic *libēn-. The same verb is Old Saxon leƀon (Middle Low German ⟨leven⟩), Old High German…
lezen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lesen, inherited from Old Dutch lesan (“to gather; to read”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to gather, pick”)…
lichaam
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lichame, inherited from Old Dutch lichamo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *līkahamō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *līkahamô (“body, bodily frame”). It is a…
lief
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lief, inherited from Old Dutch lief, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *leub, inherited from Proto-Germanic *leuba- (“dear, beloved”). The same adjective is Old…
liggen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch liggen, inherited from Old Dutch liggen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie”), from older *legjan-. The…
lijken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch liken, a form without the prefix of geliken (“to resemble”), the verb that survives as gelijken. That verb is inherited from Old Dutch *gilīkon, inherited from…
lopen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lopen, inherited from Old Dutch lōpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to leap, run”). The same verb is Old…
maand
It is inherited from Middle Dutch maent, inherited from Old Dutch mānoth, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþ- (“month”). The same word is Old Saxon…
maken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch maken, inherited from Old Dutch makon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *makōn. The same verb is Old Saxon makōn, Old High German mahhōn (modern German machen)…
man
It is inherited from Middle Dutch man, inherited from Old Dutch man, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mann, inherited from Proto-Germanic *mannan- (“man, person”). The same word is Old Saxon man…
mee
It is inherited from Middle Dutch mede, inherited from Old Dutch mithi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *midi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *midi (“with, along”), which the EWN gives as ⟨*meda⟩…