Etymology and origin of the Dutch word begrijpen
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited, Semantic loan
- First attested
- c. 1100, Old Dutch (Egmond Williram)
- Inherited from
- Proto-Germanic *bigrīpan via Middle Dutch, Old Dutch
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-West Germanic *bigrīpan
Pronunciation
- /bəˈɣrɛi̯pə(n)/[1]
Forms
begrijpen[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Middle Dutch begripen, inherited from Old Dutch bigrīpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bigrīpan, made with the prefix be- from grijpen “to grasp”.[2][1][3] The same formation is Middle High German begrīfen (modern German begreifen), Middle Low German begrīpen and West Frisian begripe.[2][4]
The meaning “to grasp with the mind” arose in the language of the late medieval mystics, probably after the Middle High German verb, which had itself taken that sense from Latin comprehendō (“to seize, embrace, understand”); the Latin word may also have acted on Dutch directly.[2][5][6][7] Van Haeringen adds that Latin may have got the figurative sense from Ancient Greek συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “to gather; to understand”).[8] vatten went the same way, as did English grasp.[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
Old Dutch begriphan appears around 1100 in the Egmond Williram, which says that many seeds begriphan sint “are enclosed” in the one rind of a pomegranate.[3][2] A Werden text of the 12th century uses begreif for “conquered”, of Egypt.[3] In Middle Dutch the verb is first found at Ghent in 1236, in the sense “to take to task, reprimand”, and in 1240 it glosses Latin deprehendere “to seize”.[2][9][7]
Semantic evolution
Middle Dutch begripen meant “to seize, catch”, of illness “to strike”, “to attack”, “to summon to court”, “to reprimand”, “to undertake” and “to contain, include”.[9][4] The sense “to understand” is recorded in 1430, and a thesaurus of 1573 still gives both “to understand” and “to seize”.[2] In the 17th century a man could be begrepen op de versche daed, caught in the act (1631).[10] The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal of 1897 divided the uses into “to take hold of” and “to encompass” and noted begrepen “embarrassed” in popular speech.[10] De Vreese counted the use for “to include”, after French comprendre, among the Belgian gallicisms.[11]
Danish begribe, Norwegian begripe and Swedish begripa came from Dutch or Low German, and Sranan Tongo has bekrèip.[12][1]
Timeline
- c. 1100 – Old Dutch begriphan “enclosed” in the Egmond Williram.[3][2]
- 1236 – Middle Dutch begripen “to reprimand”, at Ghent.[2][9]
- 1240 – Begripen glosses Latin deprehendere “to seize”.[9][13]
- 1430 – Begripen “to understand”.[2]
- 1573 – A thesaurus gives begrijpen as both “understand” and “seize”.[2]
- 1631 – Begrepen op de versche daed “caught in the act”.[10]
Meanings
Verb
- To understand, to comprehend, to grasp: Begrijp je deze som?[14][1]
- To take in a certain way, to gather: Ik begreep uit haar brief dat ze later kwam.[14]
- (obsolete) To include, to comprise.[1][15][11]
Word family
- begrip
- begrijpbaar
- begrijpelijk
- begrijpzaam
- onbegrepen
Related words
- onbegrip
- grijpen
- German begreifen
Usage notes
Het op iemand begrepen hebben “to have it in for someone” keeps an older sense “to plot, devise”, and the negative het niet op iemand begrepen hebben means “to distrust someone”.[16][17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; Sijs, Nicoline van der (2003–2009), Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, 4 vols., Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; online via etymologiebank.nl
- ^ a b c d Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b Verwijs, Eelco; Verdam, Jacob (1885–1929), Middelnederlandsch woordenboek, 11 vols., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ Vries, Jan de (1971), Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek, Leiden: Brill
- ^ Franck, Johannes; Wijk, Nicolaas van (1912), Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, 2nd ed., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
- ^ a b Vries, Jan de; Tollenaere, Félicien de (2004), Etymologisch woordenboek: onze woorden, hun oorsprong en ontwikkeling, 23rd ed., Utrecht: Het Spectrum, p. 64
- ^ Haeringen, C. B. van (1936), Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal: Supplement, 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
- ^ a b c d Pijnenburg, W. J. J., et al. (2001), Vroegmiddelnederlands woordenboek: woordenboek van het Nederlands van de dertiende eeuw in hoofdzaak op basis van het Corpus-Gysseling, Leiden: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b c Vries, Matthias de; Winkel, L. A. te, et al. (1882–1998), Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 29 vols., 's-Gravenhage / Leiden: Nijhoff / Sijthoff / SDU; supplement 2001; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b Vreese, Willem de (1899), Gallicismen in het Zuidnederlandsch, Gent: Siffer
- ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2010), Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd, Den Haag: Sdu; with additions from the Uitleenwoordenbank (2015)
- ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2001), Chronologisch woordenboek: de ouderdom en herkomst van onze woorden en betekenissen, Amsterdam / Antwerpen: Veen
- ^ a b Van Dale Groot woordenboek hedendaags Nederlands (2014), Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Uitgevers
- ^ WikiWoordenboek (Dutch Wiktionary), nl.wiktionary.org
- ^ Stoett, F. A. (1923–1925), Nederlandsche spreekwoorden, spreekwijzen, uitdrukkingen en gezegden, 4th ed., 3 vols., Zutphen: Thieme
- ^ Veen, P. A. F. van; Sijs, Nicoline van der (1997), Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2nd ed., Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Begrijpen.” Etymologically, 21 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/nl/begrijpen. Accessed 22 Oct. 2026.
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