Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin con- + cavus (“hollow”). Etymonline takes the prefix as perhaps intensive. De Vaan traces cavus to Proto-Italic *kawo- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱouH-ó- (“hollow”), with cognates…

1. This verb is from Latin con- + cadō (“to fall”). De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨cadō⟩ uncertain, perhaps Proto-Indo-European ⟨*ḱh₂d-⟩ “to fall”. 2. This verb is from Latin con- + caedō (“to cut…

It is from Latin con- + currō (“to run”). De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e/o- (“to run”).

It is from Latin con- + quatiō (“to shake”), with the vowel weakened to /u/. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*kʷat-i-⟩ and compares Old High German scutten (“to shake”), but suggests the root may…

It is from Latin condīcō (“to agree upon, fix”) + -iō, from con- and dīcō “to say”. It was often confused with ⟨conditiō⟩, because ⟨-ti-⟩ and ⟨-ci-⟩ were pronounced alike in later Latin, and Lewis…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin cōnferciō (“to cram together”). De Vaan lists it, dated from Ennius, among the derivatives of farciō (“to stuff”), from Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin cōniciō (“to throw together; to infer”) + -ūra (or its participle ⟨coniectus⟩). The verb is con- and iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to…

It is from Latin cōnsulō (“to consult”) + -ium, as exilium beside exulō. Cōnsulō goes back to Proto-Italic *kom-sel-e/o- (“to consult”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(e)lh₁- (“to take”). Etymonline…

1. The verb “to strew” is from Latin con- + sternō (“to spread, strew”). The verb sternō goes back to Proto-Italic *sterna- and Proto-Indo-European *st(e)r-n-h₃- (“to spread, strew”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin con- + torqueō (“to twist”). De Vaan traces torqueō, a causative verb, to Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- and Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”).

It is formed from Latin cor (“heart”) + -ātus. The TLL compares recordor (“to call to mind”). Cor goes back to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱērd (“heart”).

It is from Latin corōna (“garland, crown”) + -la, a diminutive. The epitome of Festus by Paul the Deacon already explains it as a diminutive of corōna.

It is from Latin corpus (“body”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (krātḗr, “mixing bowl”), from κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”). A feminine ⟨crātēra⟩ and an older ⟨crēterra⟩ are also found, and the Greek accusative…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan takes it as a verb formed from a noun, and notes that a link with carbō “charcoal” is possible in theory but cannot be developed further. The OLD compares Old Norse…

It is from Latin crīnis (“hair”) + -ītus. In form it can also be read as the participle of a rare verb crīniō, under which Lewis and Short and Conte list it. De Vaan reconstructs crīnis as…

It is from Latin cruentus (“bloody”) + -ō, the verb suffix; ⟨cruentus⟩ is from cruor “blood”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂-ōs (“blood”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kruwnto-, from Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂-(e/o)nt- (“bloody”), a derivative of the root of cruor “blood”. The closest match in form and meaning is Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙…

It is from Latin cupiō (“to desire”) + -idus.

The TLL, Wiktionary and Köbler take it as borrowed from Ancient Greek κυπάρισσος (kupárissos, “cypress”). The OLD regards it rather as a loanword from an unknown language, from which the Greek word…

It is from Latin cūra (“care”) + -ō, the verbal suffix, from Proto-Italic *kʷoizā. The OLD compares Paelignian ⟨coisatens⟩ and Umbrian kuratu. Inscriptions and Cicero's laws have the old spellings…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δαίδαλος (daídalos, “cunningly wrought”). Wiktionary derives it instead from the name of the mythical craftsman Δαίδαλος (Daídalos). The Greek name is related to…

It is from Latin dē- + flagrō (“to burn, blaze”). De Vaan takes the simple verb to be made from an adjective ⟨*flagro-⟩ “burning”, which he traces to Proto-Italic *flagro- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dē- + fōrmō (“to shape”); the TLL derives it from dē- and either that verb or fōrma (“shape”). Wiktionary sees two sources with two different meanings, the prefixed verb “to shape…

It is from Latin dē- + lactō (“to entice”). Lewis & Short and Georges treat it as an intensive of dēliciō. Lactō belongs with laciō “to entice”, from Proto-Italic *lak- (“to draw, pull”).

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin dēligō (“to choose, pick out”). That verb is from Latin dē- + legō (“to gather, choose”).

It is from Latin dē- (“from, off”) + lībō (“to take a little; to pour as an offering”). De Vaan follows Steinbauer in taking lībō as made from lībum (“sacrificial cake”), which he traces to…

The OLD derives it from ⟨*dene-que⟩: from Latin dē with the adverbial ending ⟨-ne⟩ (as in pōne and supernē) and the particle -que. Lewis and Short call the origin doubtful and suggest a locative…

It is from Latin dē- + populor (“to ravage”). De Vaan derives populor from populus, which goes back to Proto-Italic *poplo- (“army”): the sense “to devastate” probably came from letting an army pass…

It is formed from Latin dē- + precor (“to pray”), literally “to pray away”. ⟨Precor⟩ comes from prex (“prayer”), from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”), cognate with Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛcchati…

It is formed from Latin dēsīderō (“to miss, long for”) + -ium. De Vaan lists dēsīderō with cōnsīderō (“to examine”) under sīdus (“star”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sīdos (“mark, target”)…

It is from Latin dē- (“down”) + speciō (“to look at”).

It is from Latin dē- + voveō (“to vow”). De Vaan traces ⟨voveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wow-eje/o- (“to promise”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁uogʷʰ-eie- (“to promise”), cognate with Sanskrit ओहते (óhate…

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + ferō (“to carry”), with the suppletive perfect ⟨distulī⟩ and participle ⟨dīlātum⟩. Plautus splits it in tmesis, ⟨disque tulissent⟩.

It is from Latin dis- + carpō (“to pluck”). De Vaan traces carpō to Proto-Italic *karp- and Proto-Indo-European *kerp-e/o- (“to pick, pluck”). Cognate with Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”)…

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + iaciō (“to throw”). The double ⟨ss⟩ of the variant ⟨dissiciō⟩ probably reflects palatalisation and doubling or assimilation of the consonant cluster. De Vaan traces…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “serpent, dragon”). Accius has the Greek stem ⟨dracont-⟩. Köbler compares Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”). Isidore calls it the greatest of…

The conjunction comes from an older adverb ⟨dum⟩ “now, yet”, still used after imperatives and negatives (⟨agedum⟩, ⟨nōndum⟩). The OLD reconstructs ⟨*dom⟩, with the element ⟨-do-⟩ of dōnec and…

It is from Latin dūcō (“to lead”), formed like rēx from regō. Varro already explained it as one who knows how to lead. It is usually masculine, but feminine in apposition to feminine nouns.

It is from Latin ex- + for (“to speak”). De Vaan traces ⟨for⟩ to Proto-Italic *fā- (“to speak”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), cognate with Umbrian fato (“said”) and Ancient Greek…

It is formed from Latin ēgregius (“outstanding, excellent”) + -ē, the adverbial suffix. De Vaan explains ⟨ēgregius⟩ from a phrase ⟨*ē grege⟩ “out of the herd”, with grex (“flock, herd”), from…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant; ivory”) (genitive ⟨eléphantos⟩), of unclear further origin. Etymonline thinks the Greek word is probably from a non-Indo-European…

It is from Latin equus (“horse”) + -es, -itis, as in pedes and comes. Equus goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”).

The OLD forms it from Latin eques (“horseman”) + -ātus, a collective noun “the horsemen”; Wiktionary derives it from equitō (“to ride”) with the noun suffix ⟨-tus⟩. Varro already connected it with…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + volvō (“to roll”). Catullus and Ovid have forms scanned with four syllables, ⟨ēvoluam⟩, ⟨ēvoluisse⟩.

It is from Latin ex (“out of, from”) + inde (“thence”). The TLL compares the formation of deinde (“then”), and Lewis & Short explain ⟨exin⟩ as shortened like ⟨dein⟩ and ⟨proin⟩. The grammarian…

It is from Latin exeō (“to go out”) + -ium, on the stem ⟨exit-⟩, from ex- and eō “to go”. De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin exōrdior (“to lay the warp, begin”) + -ium, ⟨exōrdior⟩ being from ōrdior.

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + pēs (“foot”) + -iō, the verb suffix, “to free the feet”, the opposite of impediō (“to hinder”). De Vaan derives pēs from Proto-Italic *pōd-, from…

It is from Latin ex- + poscō (“to ask, demand”). De Vaan traces poscō to Proto-Italic *pork-ske/o- and Proto-Indo-European *prḱ-sk-e/o- (“to ask”). Cognate with Umbrian pepurkurent (“will have…

It is from Latin ex- + sequor (“to follow”), so “to follow to the end”. It is very often written ⟨exequor⟩, and Livy's manuscripts also have ⟨esse-⟩.

It is from Latin ex- (“out, thoroughly”) + siccō (“to dry”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of siccus (“dry”), whose origin he calls uncertain: he weighs Proto-Indo-European *si-sk-u-…

It is from Latin ex- + surgō (“to rise”). De Vaan lists ⟨surgō⟩, from ⟨sub⟩ and ⟨regō⟩, under regō (“to direct”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *reg-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + terreō (“to frighten”). De Vaan traces ⟨terreō⟩ to Proto-Italic *tros-eje- (“to scare”) and Proto-Indo-European *tros-eie- (“to make scared”), cognate with…

It is from Latin fābula (“talk, story”) + -or, and that noun comes from for (“to speak”).

Its origin is uncertain. De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *fawe/ono-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂u-n- (“favourable”), the same base as Umbrian fons (“merciful”) and Old Irish búan (“good…

It is from Latin fēstus (“festal”) + -īvus.

The adjective is inherited from Proto-Italic *fēto-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-to- (“having given birth”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle”). The…

It is a loanword from an unknown Mediterranean language, perhaps taken into pre-Latin as ⟨*θūko-⟩ or ⟨*θīko-⟩. It is related to Ancient Greek σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”), Boeotian ⟨τῦκον⟩, and Old Armenian…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *feiðos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós, from the root of fīdō “to trust” and fidēs “faith”. An inscription has the old spelling ⟨feidus⟩.