Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin nūntium (“message”) + -ō, the verb suffix or from nūntius “messenger”. An inscription has ⟨nont-⟩, and ⟨nunc-⟩ is a later spelling.

It is from Latin nūptus, its feminine, ⟨nūptus⟩ being the participle of nūbō “to marry (of a woman)”, used as a noun. De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨nūbō⟩ uncertain: a connection with Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin nūptiae (“wedding”) + -ālis; ⟨nūptiae⟩ is from nūpta, participle of nūbō “to marry”. De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨nūbō⟩ uncertain.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *(s)noutrī, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sneu-tr-ih₂- (“female nurser”), from a root *sneu- “to flow, give milk”. Cognate with Sanskrit प्रस्नौति…

It is from Latin ob- (“towards, against”) + iaciō (“to throw”).

It is from Latin ob- + ligō (“to bind”). De Vaan notes that the simple ⟨ligāre⟩ is not attested before Catullus, while the compounds are older, and traces the root to ⟨*liǵ-⟩ “to tie”.

It is from Latin oblīviō + -ōsus or from oblīvium “forgetfulness”, from oblīvīscor “to forget”.

The origin is uncertain. It is from ob- and a root that the OLD and Gaffiot compare with linō “to smear, rub out”, and Wiktionary with lēvis “smooth”, with the inchoative suffix ⟨-īscor⟩, so “to…

It is from Latin ob- + audiō (“to hear”), through ⟨*obawizdijō⟩. Wiktionary notes that ⟨ob⟩ + ⟨audīre⟩ would be expected to give ⟨*obūdiō⟩, and suggests the ⟨oe⟩ is a false archaism encouraged by…

The origin is uncertain. Lewis & Short and Georges derive it from ob and caenum “filth, mud”. Pokorny, as Wiktionary reports, traces it to Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyn- (“to soil; mud”), with inquinō…

It is from Latin obsequor (“to comply with”) + -ium, from ob- and sequor “to follow”. De Vaan traces ⟨sequor⟩ to Proto-Italic *sekʷ-e/o- (“to follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-e/o- (“to…

It is from Latin ob- + sequor (“to follow”). De Vaan traces sequor to Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow, accompany”).

It is from Latin observō (“to watch, observe”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin ob- (“towards, against”) + servō (“to watch, keep”). It is also spelled ⟨opservō⟩, and Plautus has the archaic future perfect ⟨observāssō⟩.

It is from Latin ob- (“before, against”) + sedeō (“to sit”), and is also spelled ⟨opsideō⟩. A form ⟨obsīdō⟩ from sīdō also occurs.

It is from Latin ob- (“against”) + sistō (“to set, stand”).

1. The verb “to buy provisions” is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or other dainties”). 2. The verb “to interrupt” is from Latin ob- (“against”) + sonō (“to sound”). De…

It is from Latin ob- + teneō (“to hold”), and is also spelled ⟨optineō⟩. A Scipio epitaph has the perfect ⟨optenuī⟩, and Plautus the infinitive ⟨obtinērier⟩.

It is from Latin ob- (“towards”) + veniō (“to come”). De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-yé- (“to come”).

It is from Latin ob (“towards, in front of”) + viam, accusative of via “way”. De Vaan traces ⟨via⟩ to Proto-Italic *wijā- (“road”).

It is from Latin ob- + volvō (“to roll”). De Vaan traces ⟨volvō⟩ to Proto-Italic *welu-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *wel-u- (“to wind”).

It is from Latin occidō (“to fall, happen”) + -tiō, so first “a falling out, happening”. Occidō is from ob- and cadō “to fall”. Festus defines it as the opportune moment that comes by chance.

It is from Latin ob- + claudō (“to shut”). De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).

It is from Latin ob- + *celō, from Proto-Italic *kele/o- (“to hide”), Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), the root also in cēlō “to conceal”. The spelling oquoltod in the decree on the…

It is from Latin ob- (“towards, against”) + currō (“to run”). The perfect is usually ⟨occurrī⟩, rarely ⟨occucurrī⟩, as in Plautus and Phaedrus, and Tubero has ⟨occecurrit⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *odōs (“odour”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to smell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell”)…

It is contracted from ⟨opificīna⟩, from Latin opifex (“craftsman”) + -īna, with loss of the vowel and /pf/ becoming /ff/, as in officium. ⟨Opifex⟩ is from opus “work” and faciō “to make”; de Vaan…

It is from Latin oleum (“olive oil”) + -ārius, or from olea “olive tree”. ⟨oleum⟩ is from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), and ⟨olea⟩ from Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía, “olive tree”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ode/o- (“to smell”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to smell”), the root of odor. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Old Armenian հոտ…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive tree”). The TLL explains that it was borrowed early, with the same sound changes as deus beside dīvus, from…

It is a syncopated form of ⟨olefaciō⟩, from Latin oleō (“to smell”) + faciō (“to make”). De Vaan traces ⟨faciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *fak-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-k- (“to make”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía, “olive tree, olive”), earlier ⟨elaíwā⟩, as the OLD and Etymonline say. Wiktionary takes it through Etruscan ⟨*eleiva⟩, as in ⟨eleivana⟩ “of oil”, from…

It is from Latin opera (“work, effort”) + -ārius, from opus. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨opus⟩ as Proto-Italic *opes- (“work”), Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-os (“work”), cognate with Oscan ⟨úpsannúm⟩ “to be…

It is from Latin ops (“power, resources”) + -fex (“maker”), or with opus “work”, from faciō “to make”. The TLL derives it from ⟨ops⟩ in the sense of ⟨opus⟩, and hardly from ⟨*opos⟩.

It is a compound inherited from Proto-Italic *owi-pol-o- (“sheep-driver”), from ovis “sheep” and a second part from Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-o- (“driver”), from the root of pellō “to drive”. The…

It is from Latin opīnor (“to think, suppose”) + -iō. The origin of opīnor is unclear; de Vaan finds a proposed derivation from a noun *eino- “purpose” unsupported.

It is from Latin ob- + pleō (“to fill”).

It is from Latin ob- (“against”) + pōnō (“to put”), and is also spelled ⟨obpōnō⟩. Plautus and Caecilius have a perfect ⟨opposīvī⟩, and Lucretius a syncopated ⟨oppostus⟩.

It is from Latin opportunus (“fit, convenient”) + -tās. Etymonline derives opportūnus from the phrase ob portum veniēns (“coming toward a port”), said of the wind, from ob and portus “harbour”. A…

It is probably from Latin ob- (“towards”) + portus (“harbour”) with a suffix -ūnus, originally a sailors' term for a wind blowing towards the harbour, as Festus reports; compare importūnus.

It is from Latin optō (“to choose, wish”) + -tiō, on the root *opio-. The OLD compares Umbrian opeter (“chosen”) and Oscan ufteis (“of desire, choice”).

It is from Latin ōrō (“to speak, plead, pray”) + -tiō. Isidore explains it as ⟨ōris ratiō⟩ “the reason of the mouth”.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *orfo- (“heir, orphan”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃orbʰ-o- (“one who changes status”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”)…

It is probably related to ōrdō “row, order”, and was first a weaving term, to lay the warp, as shown by exōrdior and redōrdior “to unweave”. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *ord-i- (“row…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-i- (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Umbrian ortom est…

It is from Latin ōrdō (“row, order”) + -ō, the verb suffix, through *ōrdnō, a doublet of the later ōrdinō. The Columna Rostrata has an archaic perfect ⟨ornāvet⟩.

It is formed from Latin ōs (“mouth”), or related to it. Cognate with Sanskrit ओष्ठ (óṣṭha-, “lip”) and Lithuanian uostas (“river mouth”). An inscription has the plural ⟨austia⟩.

The origin is uncertain. Wiktionary mentions a possible Proto-Italic *autiom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewtyom (“forlorn, deserted”), but de Vaan finds an etymology with *au- unattractive since…

It is from Latin pāscō (“to feed, graze”) + -bulum, the instrumental suffix (from the root of ⟨pāscō⟩), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to feed, protect”).

It is an inchoative from Latin pacō (“to agree”), with the inchoative suffix, related to pāx “peace” and pangō “to fix”. An active form is also found.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós, “leader of a boy”), from παῖς (paîs, “child”) and ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”). A variant spelling is pēdagōgus.

Its origin is uncertain. It is usually compared with Ancient Greek παλλακή (pallakḗ, “concubine”), Old Irish airech (“a kind of concubine”) and Avestan pairikā- (“witch”), but de Vaan points out…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan takes the basic meaning of a stem *paen- to be “missing, lacking”, shared with paenitēre “to cause regret” and paenūria “want”. Pokorny's connection with Sanskrit…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pāg-o- (“district”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-os, from the root of pangō “to fix, fasten”. It was perhaps first a space with fixed boundaries…

It is a stative verb from Proto-Italic *palwo- (“pale, grey”). Cognate with Lithuanian pal̃vas (“light yellow”), Russian половый (polóvyj, “pale yellow”), Old Norse fǫlr (“pale”) and Old High German…

It is from Latin palleō (“to be pale”) + -idus.

It is from Latin palleō (“to be pale”) + -or. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*palwo-⟩ “pale, grey” and compares Lithuanian pal̃vas (“light yellow”) and Old High German falo (“faded”), but notes…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *palamā-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-em-h₂- (“flat, wide”). Cognate with Ancient Greek παλάμη (palámē, “palm of the hand”), Old Irish lám (“hand”)…

1. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pākslo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slo-, from the root *peh₂ǵ- “to fasten, fix” of pangō “to fix, drive in”. The cluster was simplified with a…

The origin is uncertain. Its link with pāstillus “small cake” points to an older form Proto-Italic *pāst-ni- (“loaf, cake”), which is usually connected with the root of pāscō “to feed, graze”…