orior

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈɔ.ri.ɔr]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔː.ri.or]^[1]

Forms

orior (present infinitive orī or orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent^[1] Several present forms follow the third conjugation, as oritur, orerētur.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-i- (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).^[4][1] Cognate with Umbrian ortom est, Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti, “rises, moves”) and Ancient Greek ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to rouse”).^[4][2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus uses it.^[4] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In Classical Latin it was first used of the sun and stars, to rise above the horizon.^[2] It was to get up from bed, as Livy's consul rising in the night, of dust and flames to rise, and of rivers to have their source.^[2][6] It was to begin, to come into existence or be born, and to be descended from someone.^[2]

Its participle oriēns “rising” became the east, the Orient, and its derivative orīgō “source” gave English origin and original.^[7] It survives as Italian orire.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^[4][5]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a consul getting up at night.^[8][5]
• late 14th century – English orient is recorded as “the east”.^[7]
• c. 1400 – English origin is recorded as “ancestry”.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. Of the sun and stars, to rise.^[2][3]
2. To get up (from bed).^[2][6]
3. To rise (of dust, flames); of rivers, to have their source.^[2]
4. To begin; to come into being, be born.^[2]
5. To be descended (from).^[2]

Word family

• aborior
• coorior
• exorior
• oborior
• orīgō
• ortīuus
• ortus
• suborior
• adorior
• oriēns
• oriundus

Related words

• English origin
• English original
• English orient

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
7. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
8. ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn