Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin dēprimō (“to press down”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δέψω (dépsō), a variant of δέφω (déphō). Nonius already said that it takes its origin from Greek.

It is from Latin dē- + pugnō (“to fight”). De Vaan lists the verb and pūgna (“fight”) among the words related to pūgnus (“fist”), from Proto-Italic *puk/g-n(o)- (“fist”), and compares Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin dē- + rogō (“to ask; propose a law”). De Vaan takes rogō for a verb made from a noun or adjective Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o-…

It is from Latin dēserō (“to abandon”), its past participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from dē- (“away from”) and serō (“to join, link”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin dē- + sīdō (“to sit down, settle”). sīdō goes back to Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to sit down”); its compounds are attested earlier than the simple…

It is from Latin dē- (“off, down”) + stringō (“to strip, draw tight”). De Vaan traces stringō in the sense to strip off to Proto-Italic *string- (“to strip off”) and Proto-Indo-European *stri-n-g-…

It is from Latin dē- + torqueō (“to twist”). De Vaan traces torqueō to Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- and the causative Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”), comparing Hittite tar(k)u- (“to…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart”) + fundō (“to pour”). De Vaan derives ⟨fundō⟩ from Proto-Italic *χund- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient…

It is from Latin dis- + gerō (“to carry”). De Vaan traces gerō to Proto-Italic *ges-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es- (“to carry”).

It is from Latin dis- + scindō (“to cut, tear”). De Vaan traces scindō to Proto-Italic *skinde/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ski-n-d- (“to split, tear off”), a nasal present. Cognate with Sanskrit…

It is formed from Latin dis- + vāricō, from the prefix of separation and vāricō (“to straddle”). The simple verb is derived from vārus (“bent outwards, bow-legged”), whose further origin is…

It is from Latin duodecim (“twelve”), its ordinal, formed after decimus (“tenth”).

It is the distributive from Latin duodecim (“twelve”), formed after dēnī (“ten each”).

It is from Latin ex- + fēmina (“woman”) + -ō. De Vaan traces fēmina to Proto-Italic *fēmanā- and Proto-Indo-European *dheh1-mh1n-h2- (“the one nursing”), originally a middle participle of the root…

It is from Latin ex- + fervēscō (“to begin to boil”), an inchoative of ferveō (“to boil”). Etymonline traces that verb to Proto-Indo-European *bhreu- (“to boil, bubble”).

It is from Latin ex- + gerō (“to carry”). De Vaan traces gerō to Proto-Italic *ges-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es- (“to carry”), a derivative of the root of agō (“to drive”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔμπλαστρον (émplastron, “daub, salve”), from ἐμπλάσσω (emplássō, “to daub on”), a compound of ἐν (en, “in”) and πλάσσω (plássō, “to mould, form”). Wiktionary notes…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *ensi- (“sword”) and, with a question mark, Proto-Indo-European *h₁ensi- (“sword, large knife”), but finds all the proposed cognates doubtful…

It is from Latin errō + -āticus. The verb errō (“to wander”) goes back to Proto-Italic *ers-āje- and Proto-Indo-European *h1ers-o/h2- (“erring, error”).

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + rumpō (“to break, burst”). De Vaan traces rumpō to Proto-Italic *ru-n-p- and Proto-Indo-European *Hru-n-p- (“to break”), cognate with Sanskrit रोपयति (ropáyati…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + ruō. De Vaan lists it under ⟨ruō⟩ “to dig”, from Proto-Italic *rowe- and Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to tear out, dig”), cognate with Lithuanian ráuti (“to…

It is from Latin ex- + arō (“to plough”). De Vaan traces arō to Proto-Italic *araje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ie/o- (“to plough”). Cognate with Middle Irish airim (“to plough”), Ancient…

It is from Latin ex- + candēscō (“to grow white or hot”), an inchoative of candeō (“to shine”). De Vaan traces candeō to Proto-Italic *kand-ē- (“to shine”) and connects it with Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ex- + crēscō (“to grow”). De Vaan lists it from Cato on among the compounds of the simple verb, which he traces to Proto-Italic *krē- (“to grow, increase”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ex- + piō (“to appease, purify”). The verb piō is from pius (“dutiful, pious”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pwījos and Proto-Indo-European *puH-yo- (“purifying”), from the root…

It is formed from Latin exter (“outward”) + secus (“beside, on the side”) (in an adverbial form like ⟨extrim⟩). De Vaan lists it with ⟨secus⟩, like altrinsecus (“on the other side”), and traces…

The origin is uncertain. If the spelling ⟨fē-⟩ is the original one and ⟨fae-⟩ a hypercorrection, it is inherited from Proto-Italic *fēno-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-no- (“yield”)…

The origin is unknown. De Vaan has no etymology for it, and Köbler follows Walde and Hofmann in calling it uncertain. Wiktionary suggests a borrowing from a substrate language, and rejects a…

It is formed from Latin fāgus (“beech”) + -neus. Wiktionary explains the ending ⟨-ineus⟩, which is not productive in Latin, as modelled on Ancient Greek φηγινέος (phēginéos), a variant of φήγινος…

It is from Latin fascis (“bundle”) + -culus, a diminutive. De Vaan traces fascis to Proto-Italic *faski- (“bundle”), an Italo-Celtic word for which no Indo-European etymology is available. Cognate…

The origin is uncertain. The TLL compares the adjective Oscan fertalis. Wiktionary's explanation is that it is inherited from Proto-Italic *ferktom, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD suggests a root ⟨*fid-⟩ of findō (“to split”), with the suffix of latebra, and Wiktionary and Köbler also connect it with that verb. An older comparison with fīlum…

It is from Latin fīgō (“to fix, fasten”) + -bula. De Vaan derives it through ⟨*fīwibula⟩ from ⟨*fīu̯e-dhla⟩, built on the old present fīvō, which keeps the regular outcome of ⟨*gw⟩ between vowels…

Its origin is uncertain. The OLD suggests that it may be cognate with foeteō (“to stink”) and suffiō (“to fumigate”). De Vaan thinks that, if it belongs with fūmus (“smoke”) and suffiō, it was…

It is a diminutive from Latin fiscina (“wicker basket”) + -ella. That word comes from fiscus (“basket”), for which de Vaan finds no etymology: a derivation ⟨*fid-sko-⟩ from findō (“to cleave”) is…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan finds no certain etymology; the best comparison is with festūca (“stalk, straw”) and perhaps ferula (“giant fennel”), if from *fesula, since a pipe and a stalk look…

It is the diminutive from Latin flagrum (“whip”) + -ellum. De Vaan traces ⟨flagrum⟩ to Proto-Italic *flagro- (“whip”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰlHg-ro-, and links it with flāgitō (“to demand”)…

It is from Latin flāvus (“golden yellow”) + -ēscō, an inchoative verb; Lewis and Short take it from flāveō (“to be yellow”). De Vaan traces flāvus to Proto-Italic *flāwo- and, with a question mark…

It is formed from Latin flōs (“flower”) + -eō. De Vaan traces ⟨flōs⟩ to Proto-Italic *flōs (“flower”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-ōs (“blossoming”), cognate with Old Irish bláth (“flower”)…

It is from Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”) + -men. De Vaan traces ⟨forō⟩ to Proto-Italic *foraje/o- and perhaps Proto-Indo-European *bʰorH-ie/o- (“to pierce, strike”), an iterative “to pierce many…

It is from Latin fornus (“oven”) + -āx. De Vaan traces fornus, usually furnus, to Proto-Italic *χworno- and Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-no- (“heat; oven”). Cognate with Old Irish gorn (“fire”) and…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *frakēs. De Vaan groups it with words for dregs and yeast elsewhere: Old Norse dregg (“yeast, dregs”), Old Prussian dragios (“yeast”), Lithuanian drãgės and Latvian…

It is from Latin frangō (“to break”) + -ūra, a noun of action, which Wiktionary explains as the feminine future participle frāctūrus used as a noun. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *frang- and…

It is the adverb from Latin frequēns (“crowded, frequent”) + -ter. The origin of the adjective is unclear: Nussbaum connects it with farciō (“to stuff”) through a root ⟨*bʰrekʷ-⟩, which de Vaan…

It is from Latin frīgeō (“to be cold”) + -ēscō, an inchoative verb. That verb is derived from frīgus (“cold”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *srīgos- and Proto-Indo-European *sriHǵ-o/es- (“frost…

It is from Latin frōns (“foliage, leaves”) + -eō, a verb made from the noun. De Vaan calls the origin of frōns unsure: Walde and Hofmann hesitantly compare Germanic words for “brim, bud”, and…

It is from Latin fūmus (“smoke”) + -ōsus. De Vaan traces fūmus to Proto-Italic *fūmo- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂-mó- (“smoke, fume”), comparing Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá-, “smoke, fume”), Ancient…

It is from Latin fūnis (“rope, cord”) + -culus, a diminutive. De Vaan reconstructs fūnis as Proto-Italic *χwoini- and Proto-Indo-European *gwhoiH-ni- (“rope”), and since its meaning is so close to…

It is formed from Latin gelū (“frost, cold”) + -idus. De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *gelus and Proto-Indo-European *ǵel-u- (“cold, frost, ice”), cognate with Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds, “cold”)…

It is from Latin gerō (“to carry on, do”): the neuter plural of its past participle, used as a noun, “things done”.

It is formed from Latin gladius (“sword”) + -tor. Wiktionary derives it from a verb ⟨gladiō⟩ or ⟨gladior⟩ “to use the sword”, known only indirectly from such derivatives; Etymonline notes that no…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan suggests that it shares the root of grānum (“grain”), with dissimilation of /r/ to /l/: Proto-Indo-European *ǵrH-ro- would have given Proto-Italic *grāros (“pebble…

It is formed from Latin globus (“ball, sphere”) + -ulus, a diminutive.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *grāmen- (“grass”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥h₁-mn̥ (“grass”); de Vaan also allows ⟨*ǵʰr̥h₁-s-mn̥-⟩, because of the Germanic word for grass, Gothic…

It is from Latin grassor (“to roam, prowl”) + -tor. That verb, “to press on, march”, is built on the stem of gradior (“to step, walk”), from Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin harēna (“sand”) + -ōsus. De Vaan finds no etymology for harēna, which also had the forms ⟨asena⟩ and, as Varro reports, a Sabine ⟨fasena⟩.

It is from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) + -ōsus. De Vaan finds no viable origin for herba: the reconstruction ⟨*gʰer-dʰ-⟩ of Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny is impossible if the root of grāmen (“grass”) is…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero, demigod”). It keeps Greek inflection, with genitive ⟨hērōos⟩ or ⟨hērōis⟩ and accusative plural ⟨hērōas⟩.

It is apparently from Latin hirpus (“wolf”), a Sabine word, the harrow being named after a wolf's teeth. Etymonline gives the same explanation and adds that the word for the wolf may instead be…