Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + mittō (“to let go, send”). De Vaan derives mittō from Proto-Italic *meit-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ith₂- (“to exchange, remove”).

It is from Latin re- + moror (“to delay”). De Vaan takes moror either as a verb made from mora “delay” or as an old iterative; he traces mora to Proto-Italic *morH-ā- (“delay”) and…

The origin is uncertain, and several explanations have been proposed. One derives it from Proto-Italic *hrēn and Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”), which would make it a…

It is from Latin re- + numerō (“to count”). De Vaan derives numerō from numerus (“number”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *nomeso- and, through a thematized s-stem, to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + nūntiō (“to announce”). The verb ⟨nūntiō⟩ comes from nūntius (“messenger”), which de Vaan reconstructs as ⟨*nountio-⟩; its further origin is unclear, with…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + pellō (“to drive, push”). De Vaan traces pellō to a nasal present of Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to approach”), with a shift from “bring near” to “push”.

It is formed from Latin re- (“back, again”) + pōnō (“to put, place”). De Vaan explains pōnō as ⟨*po-sinō⟩ “to put down”, with the old perfect ⟨-posīvī⟩.

It is from Latin re- + poscō (“to demand”). De Vaan lists it under ⟨poscō⟩, a present in ⟨-sc-⟩ from Proto-Italic *pork-ske/o- and Proto-Indo-European *pr̥ḱ-sk-e/o- (“to ask”), cognate with Umbrian…

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + premō (“to press”). De Vaan derives ⟨premō⟩ from Proto-Italic *pres- and Proto-Indo-European *pr-es- (“to press”). Cognate with Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat…

It is from Latin re- + prōmittō (“to promise”). That verb is a compound of prō- and mittō (“to send, let go”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ith₂- (“to exchange, remove”); de Vaan sees…

It is from Latin rēpō (“to creep”) + -tō, a frequentative verb. De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Italic *rēp-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- or Proto-Indo-European *h₁rēp-, “to creep”…

It is formed from Latin repudium (“rejection, divorce”) + -ō, the verb ending. De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of pudeō (“to be ashamed”), from Proto-Italic *pud-ē- (“to be ashamed or…

The OLD derives it from Latin re- + pudeō (“to be ashamed”) + -ium, and de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of pudeō, which he traces to Proto-Italic *pud-ē- (“to be ashamed”); the further origin…

It is from Latin re- + scīscō (“to seek to know, learn”). De Vaan lists ⟨scīscere⟩ “to get to know, approve” among the derivatives of sciō (“to know”), which he connects, with some hesitation, with…

It is from Latin re- + sīdō (“to sit down, settle”). De Vaan derives ⟨sīdō⟩ from Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to sit down”), a reduplicated present of the root of…

It is from Latin re- + sīgnō (“to mark, seal”). De Vaan derives that verb from sīgnum (“mark, sign”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sekno- (“statue, sign”) and Proto-Indo-European *sek(h₂)-no-…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē, “resin of the pine”), which the OLD calls an adaptation of the Greek word. Lewis and Short only say that it is perhaps related to it. The Greek…

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + sapiō (“to taste, have sense”) + -scō, an inchoative verb. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of sapiō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *sap-i- and…

It is from Latin respiciō (“to look back”) + -tō, a frequentative. Wiktionary analyses it as re- and spectō (“to look at”).

It is from Latin respondeō (“to answer”) + -tō (“frequentative suffix”), formed on the stem ⟨respōns-⟩. De Vaan lists it under spondeō (“to pledge”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin rēs (“thing, affair”) + pūblicus (“public”), a phrase “the public affair” written as one word, with the feminine of the adjective agreeing with the noun. De Vaan traces rēs to…

It is from Latin re- + stinguō. De Vaan traces ⟨stinguō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ste-n-gw-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *stengw-e/o- (“to push, thrust”), with Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (stigqan, “to thrust”) as a…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + stringō (“to draw tight”). De Vaan thinks stringō continues a merger of separate roots: Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-e/o- (“to draw, tie”), the sense kept in all the…

It is from Latin retineō (“to hold back, keep”) + -tō, a frequentative. The base verb is a compound of teneō (“to hold”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *t(e)nē- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin reticēns (“keeping silent”) + -ia, from the participle of reticeō (“to keep silent”). De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of taceō (“to be silent”), which he traces to…

It is from Latin re- + taceō (“to be silent”). De Vaan derives ⟨taceō⟩ from Proto-Italic *tak-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁- (“to be silent”), cognate with Umbrian taçez (“silent”) and Gothic…

It is from Latin re- + tundō (“to beat, pound”). De Vaan traces tundō to Proto-Italic *(s)tund- (“to thrust”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)tu-n-d- (“to thrust”), a nasal present. Cognate with…

It is from Latin re- + vereor (“to fear, respect”). De Vaan traces vereor to Proto-Italic *wer-ē- (“to be wary”) and Proto-Indo-European *u(e)r-eh₁- (“to note, sense”), comparing Old English wær…

It is from Latin revertor (“to turn back, return”) + -tiō, or from the active form ⟨revertō⟩ that Lewis & Short and Wiktionary give.

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + vertō (“to turn”). vertō goes back to Proto-Italic *wertō and Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan notes that several etymologies are possible in theory: a form ⟨*h₁reiḱ-sm-h₂-⟩, “breach”, from the root of rīxa (“quarrel”), meaning to tear, would give the Latin…

It seems to be an old ablative beside rītus (“rite”), as Lewis and Short compare ⟨diū⟩ beside ⟨diē⟩; Wiktionary takes it from a lost third-declension noun ⟨*rītis⟩. De Vaan reports that its final…

It is from Latin rōbus (“red”) + -īgō. De Vaan explains rōbus as a dialectal form, with /oː/ instead of /uː/, of the adjective found in rūfus. This goes back to Proto-Italic *rouþo- (“red”) and…

It is from Latin rogō (“to ask”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension. De Vaan takes rogō as a denominative from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is the frequentative from Latin rogō (“to ask”) + -itō. De Vaan takes ⟨rogō⟩ as probably made from a noun Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o-…

It is from Latin ruber (“red”) + -īcus, used as a feminine noun. Lewis and Short explain it as red earth, with terra (“earth”) understood. Wiktionary reports Nussbaum's view that it is the feminine…

The origin is unknown. Köbler mentions Walde and Hofmann's tentative Proto-Indo-European *wrūdō, and Wiktionary lists proposals linking it with German Riemen (“strap”) or with Ancient Greek ἐρύω…

It is contracted from ⟨*revorsus⟩, ⟨*revorsum⟩ “turned back”, from Latin re- (“back”) + versus (“turned, towards”), with the old form ⟨vorsus⟩, from vertō “to turn”.

The OLD puts it with the root of ruber (“red”), but de Vaan, who lists it among the relatives of that word, says there is no good explanation for it. Wiktionary reports two proposals: a derivative…

It is a verb from Latin saepēs (“hedge, fence”). De Vaan derives ⟨saepēs⟩ from Proto-Italic *saip-i-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-i- (“to tie”), though a suffix ⟨*-p-⟩ is unknown; he…

It is formed from Latin saevus (“fierce, savage”) + -iō. De Vaan traces saevus to Proto-Italic *saiwo- (“savage”) and Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i-wo- (“savage”), cognate with Old Irish sáeth…

It is from Latin sāgiō (“to perceive”) + -āx. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *sag-āk- (“perceptive”) beside a verb Proto-Italic *sāg-ije/o- (“to seek, perceive”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European…

The origin is unknown. Wiktionary mentions a possible link with Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satisfy”), the source of Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“full”). Lewis & Short and Georges compared Ancient…

It is from Latin salix (“willow”) + -tum (“grove”). De Vaan traces salix to Proto-Italic *salik-, an Italo-Celtic tree name that he thinks is probably not Indo-European. Cognate with Old Irish sail…

The origin is uncertain. Walde and Hofmann take it from a phrase “if otherwise” with sī (“if”) and an old adverb related to aliter (“otherwise”), and Köbler follows this, comparing item…

It is from Latin salūber (“healthy, wholesome”) + -ter. De Vaan explains salūber as presupposing a verb from the stem of salūs (“well-being”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *salu- (“whole, healthy”)…

It is formed from Latin salūs (“safety, health”) + -āris. De Vaan explains ⟨salūs⟩, like salvus (“safe, whole”), from Proto-Italic *salu- (“whole, healthy”), from Proto-Indo-European *slH-u-…

It is from Latin sānctus (“sacred, inviolable”) + -ē. sānctus is the past participle of sanciō (“to make sacred, ratify”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sa-n-k-je- (“to sanctify”) and…

It is formed from Latin sānus (“sound, healthy, sane”) + -ē, the adverb ending. De Vaan calls the reconstruction Proto-Italic *sāno-, ⟨*seh₂-no-⟩, purely mechanical; sānus may come from a root…

It is formed from Latin sapiēns (“wise”) + -ter, the adverb suffix. ⟨sapiēns⟩ is the present participle of sapiō (“to taste; to be wise”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sap-i- and…

It is related to sarciō (“to patch, mend”), and de Vaan lists it among that verb's derivatives. He traces ⟨sarciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *sarkje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *sr̥k-ye/o- (“to make good…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sark-je/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥k-ie/o- (“to make good, emend”). Cognate with Hittite šarni(n)k- (“to compensate, replace”) and Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin sarriō (“to hoe, weed”) + -culum, from the verb's form ⟨sāriō⟩. De Vaan reconstructs the verb as Proto-Italic *sars-je/o- (“to hoe, weed”), from Proto-Indo-European *srs-ie/o- (“to…

It is from Latin sarpō (“to prune, cut off”) + -mentum. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *serp-(j)e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *s(e)rp- (“to cut off”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sars-je/o- (“to hoe, weed”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥s-ie/o- (“to cut off, weed”), in de Vaan's reconstruction; he leaves open whether ⟨sāriō⟩ or…

It is a noun from Latin satis (“enough”). The OLD suggests that it may be a syncopated form of satietās (“satiety”), while Georges derives it from an unattested adjective ⟨*satius⟩. De Vaan lists…

It is formed from Latin satis (“enough”) + -tās, like ēbrietās (“drunkenness”). De Vaan derives ⟨satis⟩ from Proto-Italic *sati- (“satisfaction”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti- (“satisfaction…

It is from Latin satur (“well-fed”) + -tās. De Vaan traces the adjective to Proto-Italic *saturo- (“well-fed”), built on Proto-Indo-European *s(e)h₂-tu- (“satiation”), the root of satis (“enough”)…

It is from Latin satur (“full, sated”) + -ō. De Vaan traces satur to Proto-Italic *saturo- (“well-fed”), built on Proto-Indo-European *s(e)h₂-tu- (“satiation”), the root of satis (“enough”); he…

It is from Latin saucius (“wounded”) + -ō.