Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is the old neuter plural (nominative and accusative) of the interrogative quis, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂. Lewis & Short, following an older view, explained it as ⟨*quiam⟩, from…

It is formed from Latin quī + -cumque (“-ever”), the relative and the generalizing suffix. The spelling ⟨quīcunque⟩ reflects the assimilated pronunciation.

It is from Latin quī, the relative (in the pronoun, probably ⟨*quisdam⟩ from quis) with the suffix ⟨-dam⟩, whose origin is uncertain; the same suffix is in quondam. Köbler connects it with the PIE…

It is formed from Latin quid (“what, why”) + nī (“unless, if not”), ⟨quid⟩ being the neuter of quis (“who”): “why not?”, “how else?”.

It is formed from Latin quī (“how, why”) + nē, the old ablative and the negative particle, first “why not?”. De Vaan explains the adverb ⟨quī⟩ as an old instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₁ of…

It is formed from Latin quī (“which, what”) + nam, the interrogative and the emphatic particle. De Vaan takes ⟨nam⟩ as perhaps an old feminine accusative of a stem Proto-Italic *no/e- (“that”).

It is formed from Latin quīnque (“five”) + -nus. De Vaan reconstructs it as *kwenkw-(s)no- and traces quīnque to Proto-Italic *kwenkwe (“five”) and Proto-Indo-European *penkʷe (“five”), comparing…

It is from Latin quīnquāgintā (“fifty”) + -ēsimus. That numeral goes back to quīnque (“five”); according to de Vaan its ⟨ā⟩, for an expected *quinquēgintā, was taken from the word for forty. He…

It is formed from Latin quīnque (“five”) + -gintā (“ten (in multiples)”), continuing Proto-Indo-European *penkʷēḱomt (“fifty”), from an earlier “five tens”. It is cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷto-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷtós (“fifth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”). De Vaan explains the Latin form from ⟨*kʷinkto-⟩: the…

It is formed from Latin quid (“what?”) + -pe, with the corroborating particle also found in nempe. The OLD thinks it was at first a question, “why so?”. quid, the neuter of quis (“who?”), goes back…

It is formed from Latin quis (“who?”) and the particle nam. De Vaan traces ⟨quis⟩ to Proto-Italic *kʷis and Proto-Indo-European *kʷis (“who, what”), cognate with Oscan pis (“who”); ⟨nam⟩ may be an…

It is formed from Latin quis (“who, anyone”) + -pe + iam (“now, already”), ⟨-pe⟩ being the particle (as in nempe (“surely”)); the adjective is declined like quī (“which”). De Vaan derives ⟨quis⟩…

It is formed from Latin quis + -quam, from the indefinite pronoun and ⟨quam⟩, the accusative feminine singular of ⟨quis⟩. The pronoun quis continues Proto-Indo-European *kʷis (“who, what; someone…

It is from Latin quis + -que, the interrogative and indefinite pronoun with the enclitic ⟨-que⟩ in its old generalizing sense, comparable to the Homeric use of Ancient Greek τε (te). Compare Avestan…

It is formed from Latin quī (“who, which”) + vīs (“you wish”), the second person of volō (“to want”): “whom you will”. The parts can still stand apart in Cato: ⟨quod genus vīs⟩, “of any kind you…

It is a compound from Latin quō (“where, to which”) + ad (“to, up to”), that is ⟨ad quod⟩, “up to which”. ⟨Quō⟩ is the ablative of the relative quī (“who, which”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷod, the neuter of the relative pronoun quī, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, used as an adverb and conjunction. Lewis & Short explain it as an…

It is from Latin quō (“by which”) + minus (“less”), the instrumental ⟨quō⟩ with ⟨minus⟩. De Vaan derives the comparative ⟨minor, minus⟩ from Proto-Italic *minōs (“less”), cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin quī (“who, which”) + modus (“manner, measure”), in the ablative, “in what manner”. It is often written separately, and Plautus and later poets split it (⟨quō tū mē modō⟩).

It is from Latin quōmodo (“how”) + cumque, the relative adverb with the generalising particle.

It is from Latin quō (“whither”) + nam (“for, indeed”).

It is formed from Latin quom (“when”) + -dam, the demonstrative ending of quīdam. Köbler compares the particle Proto-Indo-European *de-.

It is a compound from Latin quō (“whither”) + -quam (“any”), formed like quisquam (“anyone”).

It is from Latin quisquis (“whoever, whatever”), used in its ablative form as an adverb of direction. The OLD compares the simple adverb quō (“whither”) and the pronoun itself, and Wiktionary also…

It is from Latin quō (“whither”) + vorsum (“turned towards”), with the archaic form of versus, written as one word.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷoti, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe/o-ti (“how many”), from the interrogative stem *kʷos. Cognate with Sanskrit कति (káti, “how many”), Avestan caiti…

It is from Latin quot (“as many as”) + annus (“year”), with the ablative plural of the noun. De Vaan traces quot to Proto-Italic *kʷoti and Proto-Indo-European *kʷe/o-ti (“how many”), and annus to…

It is formed from Latin quot (“how many”) + -iēns, like totiēns from tot. De Vaan derives quot from Proto-Italic *kwoti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe/o-ti (“how many”), cognate with Sanskrit कति…

It is a compound from Latin quō (“whither”) + usque (“all the way, until”).

It is from Latin rabiēs (“madness, rage”) + -ōsus. The noun rabiēs belongs to rabiō (“to rave”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *rab- or *raf-; its further origin is unclear. He finds…

It is from Latin rādīx (“root”) + -itus. De Vaan traces rādīx to Proto-Italic *wrād-ī- and Proto-Indo-European *ur(e)h₂-d-iH- (“root”), in which the /d/ was probably a suffix. Cognate with Welsh…

It is formed from Latin rapiō (“to snatch, seize”) + -im (or from its participle ⟨raptus⟩), the adverbial ending. De Vaan traces ⟨rapiō⟩ to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin rapiō (“to seize”) + -tō, a frequentative. De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”), with cognates such as Ancient…

It is from Latin rapiō (“to seize, snatch”) + -tor. De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”), comparing Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι…

It is from Latin rārus (“loose, scattered; rare”) + -ē. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of rārus, whose own origin he finds unclear.

It is formed from Latin rārus (“thin, scattered, rare”) + -ō, the adverb ending. De Vaan finds no convincing origin for ⟨rārus⟩, the opposite of dēnsus (“thick”): Ernout and Meillet's link with…

It is from Latin rādō (“to scrape”) + -trum. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of rādō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *rasd-e/o-, with cognates in Welsh rhathu and Breton rahein “to scrape…

It is from Latin re- + bītō (“to go”). De Vaan takes baetō as the original form of the simple verb, which sometimes became ⟨bētō⟩, while ⟨-bītō⟩ was regular in compounds; the simple ⟨bītō⟩ of…

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + cēdō (“to go, withdraw”). De Vaan derives cēdō from Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”), and, following Lubotsky, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱiesdʰ-…

It is formed from Latin re- + citō (“to set in motion, call out”). citō is the frequentative of cieō (“to set in motion”), which it replaced in classical Latin.

It is from Latin re- + cōgitō (“to think”). De Vaan lists the simple verb among the derivatives of agō (“to drive, do”).

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + colō (“to till, inhabit”). De Vaan traces colō to Proto-Italic *kwele/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kwelh1-e/o- (“to go round”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλομαι…

It is from Latin re- + condō (“to put together, store, hide”); Quintilian already discussed its two prefixes. ⟨condō⟩ is from con- and the root Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put”).

It is formed from Latin re- (“again”) + creō (“to create, make grow”). De Vaan gives ⟨creō⟩ the first meaning “to make grow” and links it with crēscō (“to grow”), from Proto-Italic *krē- and…

It is formed from Latin rēctus (“straight, right”) + -ē, the adverb ending; Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Italic *rektēd. rēctus is the past participle of regō (“to direct, rule”), which goes back…

It is from Latin re- + currō (“to run”). De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e/o- (“to run”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπίκουρος (epíkouros…

It is from Latin recurrō (“to run back”) + -tō, a frequentative. That verb is a compound of re- and currō (“to run”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *korse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *krs-e/o- (“to…

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + agō (“to drive”), with the form ⟨red-⟩ of the prefix before a vowel. De Vaan traces agō to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to drive…

It is probably from Latin redimiō (“to bind round, wreathe”) + -culum, an instrument noun. De Vaan notes that it is attested earlier than the verb, which Ernout and Meillet took as a sign that it…

It is from Latin re- + frangō (“to break”). De Vaan traces frangō to Proto-Italic *frang- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *bʰr-n-ǵ- (“to break”), comparing Old High German brehhan (“to…

It is from Latin re- + gradior (“to step, walk”). De Vaan derives ⟨gradior⟩ from Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i- and Proto-Indo-European *g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-, cognate with Old Irish ingreinn (“chases”).

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + iaciō (“to throw”). De Vaan derives iaciō from Proto-Italic *jaki- and the root Proto-Indo-European *(H)ieh₁- (“to throw, let go”), cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is formed from Latin reliquus (“remaining”) + -ia. De Vaan derives it from an older Proto-Italic *relikuwia, from the stem of relinquō (“to leave behind”), a compound of linquō (“to leave”)…

It is from Latin reliquus (“remaining”), its neuter used as a noun. De Vaan explains the adjective from an older ⟨*relikuwos⟩, formed on relinquō (“to leave behind”), whose base linquō (“to leave”)…

It is related to relinquō “to leave behind”, from older ⟨*relikuwos⟩, like dēlicuus “lacking”. De Vaan derives it from ⟨*-likʷ-e/ow-o-⟩, a form of the root of linquō “to leave”, from…

It is from Latin re- + meō (“to go, pass”). De Vaan derives ⟨meō⟩ from Proto-Italic *mejo-, perhaps a verb formed on a noun Proto-Indo-European *h2mei-o- (“change, movement”), with a shift of…

It is a compound from Latin rēmus (“oar”) + agō (“to drive”), with the root of the verb, Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-, “one who drives the oar”. De Vaan traces ⟨rēmus⟩ to Proto-Italic *rēsmo- (“oar”)…

It is from Latin rēmex (“rower”), with the suffix -ium, as the TLL takes it after Leumann; the OLD and Wiktionary derive it from the verb rēmigō (“to row”). De Vaan lists rēmex among the derivatives…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + migrō (“to move, change one's home”). De Vaan takes migrō to be probably a verb made from an adjective Proto-Indo-European *h2mi-gw-ro- (“changing”), the stem of…