Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin prosperus (“fortunate, favourable”) + -ō.

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forward, before”) + sternō (“to spread, strew; to lay low”). The TLL notes that two old notions are blended in ⟨sternō⟩, “to throw to the ground” and “to spread on the…

It is from Latin prō- + statuō (“to set up, place”), literally “to set up in front, expose publicly”.

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + stō (“to stand”). De Vaan traces stō to Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-eh₁-ie/o- (“to stand”).

It is from Latin prō- + terō (“to rub”). De Vaan traces terō to Proto-Italic *tera- and Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”), with cognates such as Ancient Greek τείρω (teírō, “to oppress…

It is from Latin prō- + terreō (“to frighten”). De Vaan traces terreō to Proto-Indo-European *tros-eie- (“to make scared”), which developed regularly into Latin ⟨*terseje-⟩ and Sabellic…

It is from Latin prōtervus (“bold, impudent”) + -ē. De Vaan notes that the older form of the adjective was ⟨proptervus⟩, in Plautus and Pacuvius. He favours Rix's reconstruction Proto-Italic…

It is probably inherited from Proto-Italic *propetes-wo- (“rushing forward”), with the regular change of /sw/ to /rw/, as Rix proposed; the TLL explains the older form ⟨proptervus⟩ the same way, the…

It is formed from Latin prō (“forward”) + tenus (“as far as”). The TLL suggests it began in phrases such as ⟨*prō tenus īre⟩, with an old noun ⟨tenus⟩ “the length of a way”, and that the link with…

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + trahō (“to draw, drag”). De Vaan traces trahō to Proto-Italic *traχe/o-, whose closest cognates are Celtic: Old Irish tráig (“ebb, beach”) and the preterite…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forward”) + vehō (“to carry”); the TLL compares Sanskrit प्रवह् (pra-vah, “to carry forward”) and Lithuanian pravežti (“to drive through”). De Vaan derives ⟨vehō⟩ from…

It is the adverb from Latin proximus (“nearest”) + -ē, and so the superlative of prope (“near”). De Vaan explains ⟨proximus⟩ from ⟨*propsamo-⟩, with the unusual ⟨*-psimos⟩ replaced by ⟨*-ksimos⟩…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *prous-je/o- (“to itch”), from Proto-Indo-European *preus-i- (“(cold and) wet, itching”). Wiktionary calls the origin uncertain and the link with a root meaning “to…

It is formed from Latin pūblicus (“public”) + -ānus. De Vaan explains ⟨pūblicus⟩ as originally ⟨*popliko-⟩, from populus (“people”), with ⟨ū⟩ taken from pūbēs (“adult population”); ⟨populus⟩ goes…

It is formed from Latin pūblicus (“public, of the state”) + -ē, the adverb of that adjective. pūblicus was originally ⟨*poplico-⟩, as Old Latin ⟨poplicod⟩ and ⟨poblicai⟩ show, from populus…

It is from Latin pūblicus (“of the people, public”), its neuter, used as a noun. De Vaan explains that the adjective was originally ⟨*popliko-⟩, formed from populus (“people”), as the Old Latin…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pud-ē- (“to be ashamed, shy”), whose further origin is uncertain. Walde and Hofmann, and the OLD, connect paviō (“to beat”), with a first sense such as “to beat…

It is an adverb, from Latin pudīcus (“chaste, modest”), formed with -ē. The adjective comes from pudeō (“to be ashamed, (impersonal) it shames”).

It is formed from Latin pudīcus (“chaste, modest”) + -itia. ⟨Pudīcus⟩ comes from pudet (“it shames”).

It is formed from Latin pudeō + -or, from the verb “to be ashamed” (impersonal ⟨pudet⟩ “it shames”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *pudē- (“to be ashamed, shy”) but finds no secure etymology…

It is from Latin puer (“boy, child”) + -īlis. De Vaan lists it under ⟨puer⟩, which he derives from Proto-Italic *puwero-, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *ph₂u-ero- (“smaller”); since that form would…

It is from Latin puerpera (“woman in childbirth”) + -ium, and so goes back to puer (“boy, child”) and pariō (“to give birth”). Suetonius explains that any birth, whatever the child's sex, was given…

It is formed from Latin pulcher (“beautiful”) + -tūdō. De Vaan finds no etymology for ⟨pulcher⟩: it was perhaps earlier ⟨polcher⟩, the ⟨ch⟩ is a Hellenizing spelling of a stem ⟨*polkro-⟩ or…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pelp-mento- according to de Vaan, a noun with the suffix of -mentum beside *pelp-m(e)n- (“meat”); the TLL likewise derives it from a stem with the suffix ⟨-men-⟩…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plu-mōn, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *plu-mon- (“floating one, lung”), as de Vaan tentatively reconstructs it, with the zero grade of the root of the…

It is from Latin pellō (“to push, drive”) + -tō, a frequentative. De Vaan takes it, together with Venetic poltos (“moved”), as evidence for an original participle Proto-Italic *polto- of the simple…

It is from Latin pulvīnus (“cushion”) + -ar. De Vaan lists the noun for "cushion" among the derivatives of pulvis (“dust”), whose further origin is uncertain.

It is from Latin pulvīnus (“cushion”) + -ārium. The OLD calls the origin of pulvīnus doubtful; Wiktionary connects it with pulvis (“dust, powder”), from the stuffing of a cushion.

The TLL derives it from Latin pulvis (“dust”) + -no-, from ⟨*poluis-no-⟩ as aēnus is from ⟨*aies-no-⟩; it was first an adjective, meaning something filled with dust and spread under people sitting…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *poim-Vk-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poHi-m- (“foam”), and so related to spūma, “foam”. Ernout and Meillet thought the name came from the stone's likeness to a…

De Vaan gives no etymology, and the OLD calls it doubtful. The TLL reports the view that sailors may have called a figure of a god set at the stern ⟨pupus⟩ or ⟨pupa⟩, and that the name then passed…

It is from Latin pūrus (“clean, pure”) + -ē. De Vaan traces pūrus to Proto-Italic *pūro- (“pure”) and Proto-Indo-European *ph₂ú-ro- (“clear, cleansed”), cognate with Old Irish úr (“green, fresh”)…

It is from Latin purpura (“purple”) + -ātus. purpura is from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple fish, purple dye”). Priscian testifies that the second-last syllable is long.

It is a diminutive, according to the OLD probably from Latin pullus (“young of an animal”), of pūsus (“little boy”) according to Lewis and Short and the TLL. Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic…

It is related to pūs “pus”. According to de Vaan its probable source is a past participle, from Proto-Italic *pūto- (“rotten”), of the root Proto-Indo-European *puH-, and the TLL likewise holds that…

It is from Latin pūteō (“to rot, stink”) + -idus. De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of pūs (“pus”), and bases pūteō on a participle ⟨*pūto-⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *puH-to- (“rotten”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷtur-, the form of the Proto-Indo-European word for “four” used in compounds, and serves as the compounding form of quattuor (“four”). De Vaan reports…

It is from Latin quadri- (“four”) + *diuom (“day”), a formation like bīduum (“two days”) and trīduum (“three days”) from the stem of diēs (“day”). De Vaan traces that stem to Proto-Italic *-diwo-…

It is from Latin quadri- (“four”) + iugum (“yoke”), with the element ⟨-iga⟩ as in bīgae (“two-horse chariot”). De Vaan lists it, dated from Plautus, among the words from the root of iungō (“to…

It is from Latin quadri- (“four”) + hiems (“winter”), literally “of four winters”. De Vaan explains the second element as the zero grade of the word for winter that survives in compounds with…

It is from Latin quadruplō (“to make fourfold”) + -tor. The verb is formed from quadruplus (“fourfold”), whose first part is quadru-, the form of quattuor (“four”) used in compounds; it goes back to…

It is formed from Latin quadruplus + -ō, from the adjective meaning “fourfold”.

It is formed from Latin quadri- + -plus, with the ending as in duplus. Wiktionary analyses it as quattuor (“four”) with the suffix ⟨-plus⟩ “-fold”, and compares quadrō for the development of the…

It is from Latin quaerō (“to seek”) + -itō, a frequentative verb. De Vaan traces quaerō to Proto-Italic *kwai-s-e/o-, and considers the best proposal to date the one that takes it from a root…

It is formed from Latin quaerō (“to seek, inquire”) + -tor, a contraction of quaesītor (“investigator”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of quaerō, which he traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin quaestus (“gain, profit”) + -ōsus. quaestus is formed on quaerō “to seek”, which de Vaan, following Nussbaum, traces to Proto-Italic *kwai-s-e/o- and an i-present…

It is contracted from ⟨quaesītus⟩, from Latin quaerō (“to seek, acquire”) + -tus, an action noun. The origin of quaerō is uncertain; de Vaan favours Nussbaum's derivation from Proto-Indo-European…

The origin is uncertain. It has often been compared with a Slavic word for a large wicker basket, Proto-Slavic *košь, but de Vaan finds the sound changes this needs unlikely. He finds more plausible…

It is from Latin quam (“how”) + diū (“long”). De Vaan explains ⟨diū⟩ as an old locative of the word for “day”, from Proto-Indo-European *di-eu- (“day; sky”).

It is from Latin quam (“as, how”) + prīmum (“first”), an instance of quam with a superlative, meaning “as … as possible”. prīmum is the adverbial neuter of prīmus (“first”).

It is from Latin quam, repeated, first “however much”, a generalizing doubling like quisquis “whoever”. ⟨Quam⟩ is the accusative feminine singular of the relative pronoun quī.

It is formed from Latin quam (“as much as”) + vīs, the second person singular of volō “to want”: “as much as you like”.

It is from Latin quandō (“when, since”) + quidem (“indeed”), a fusion of the conjunction with the particle. The conjunction quandō is from quam (“how, as”) and an element ⟨*dō⟩ also seen in dōnec…

It is from Latin quantulus (“how small”), a further diminutive, and so goes back to quantus (“how great”). The medieval lexicographer Osbern of Gloucester likewise lists quantulus and quantillus as…

It is from Latin quantus (“how great”) + -ulus, a diminutive. De Vaan derives quantus from a preform Proto-Indo-European *kweh2-nt-, built on the stem of the relative and interrogative pronoun quī.

It is from Latin quantus (“how great, as great”), its neuter, used as a pronoun and an adverb. De Vaan lists ⟨quantus⟩ among the derivatives of quam, from the relative stem quī, which goes back to…

It is from Latin quantusvīs (“as great as you like”), its neuter used as a noun and an adverb. That adjective joins quantus (“how great”) and vīs (“you wish”).

It is formed from Latin quā (“which”) + propter (“because of”), ⟨quā⟩ being the ablative feminine of quī (“who, which”); compare proptereā (“for that reason”). De Vaan derives ⟨propter⟩ from the…

It is from Latin quattuor (“four”) + decem (“ten”). De Vaan explains the ending ⟨-decim⟩ of the numbers from eleven to nineteen as ⟨-dec-⟩ from decem with ⟨-im⟩ taken from the ordinals in…

It is formed from Latin quem (“which”) + ad (“according to”) + modum (“manner”), “according to which manner”. It is often written separately, in three parts or in two.