Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is formed from Latin praeter (“past, beyond”) + eō (“to go”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of eō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *ei- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + vertō (“to turn”). Wiktionary traces vertō to Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”). The TLL notes that the spelling ⟨-vort-⟩ is kept in the old manuscripts of…

It is formed from Latin prandium (“late breakfast, lunch”) + -eō. De Vaan explains prandium from ⟨*prāmo-ed-io-⟩ “first meal”, with Proto-Italic *prāmo- (“first”) from Proto-Indo-European *prh₃-mo-…

De Vaan explains it as inherited from Proto-Italic *prāmo-ed-io- (“first meal”), from *prāmo- (“first”), Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃-mo- (“first”), and the root of edō (“to eat”), Proto-Indo-European…

De Vaan finds no etymology for it. Wiktionary takes it as inherited from Proto-Italic *prāwos, also behind the Faliscan first name ⟨prauios⟩. The OLD reconstructs ⟨*pra-uos⟩ and compares prātum…

It is from Latin precārius (“obtained by entreaty”) + -ō. De Vaan lists it under prex, which he traces to Proto-Italic *prek- and Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“question”), comparing Sanskrit प्राश्…

It is formed from Latin prī (“before”) + -dem. The TLL calls it surely related to prior and prīstinus, but whether ⟨prī-dem⟩ or ⟨*prīs-dem⟩ is the original form is uncertain. De Vaan builds this…

It is formed from Latin *prī (“before”) + diēs (“day”), ⟨*prī⟩ being an old adverb; the TLL compares German Vortag (“day before”) and notes that the opposite postrīdiē (“the day after”) contains the…

It is formed from Latin prīmus (“first”). De Vaan lists it with prīmus among the derivatives of an adverb Proto-Italic *pri (“before”), whose superlative *prī̆-isamo- gave prīmus; he connects it…

It is from Latin prior (“former”): de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that comparative, beside prīscus. The OLD analyses it as the stem pris- of ⟨prīscus⟩ with the suffix -tinus. The TLL…

It is from Latin prius (“earlier”) + quam (“than”). De Vaan lists it under prior (“former”), whose stem Proto-Italic *prī̆-jos- is built on an adverb Proto-Indo-European *pr(e)i (“before”), as in…

It is formed from Latin prīvātus (“private”) + -im, the adverbial suffix; the TLL derives it from prīvō (“to deprive”), as sēparātim from ⟨sēparō⟩. These belong to prīvus (“separate, one's own”)…

It is from Latin probus (“good, upright”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective. De Vaan traces probus to Proto-Italic *profo- (“favourable”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰ(h₂)u-o-, a compound of…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD suggests it adapts the plural of procus (“suitor”) on the model of pauperēs, and Wiktionary also derives it from procus, “standing in front”. The TLL notes that the…

It is from Latin prō- + clīvus (“slope”) + -is, a possessive compound “having a slope forward”, made with the same suffix as īnsignis or triennis. De Vaan traces clīvus to Proto-Italic *kle/oiwo-…

It is from Latin prō- + creō (“to create, beget”). De Vaan traces creō to Proto-Italic *krē-jā- and refers it to the family of crēscō “to grow”.

It is from Latin prō- + cūdō (“to beat, strike”). The simple verb goes back to Proto-Italic *kūd-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂-d-e/o- (“to hit”), with cognates such as Lithuanian káuti (“to…

The first part is from Latin prō- (“forward”), the prefix, but the rest is disputed. De Vaan suggests a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *pro-ko- (“at the front”), giving ⟨*prokelo-⟩; Schaffner set…

It is from Latin prō- + cūrō (“to take care of”). That verb comes from cūra (“care”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kʷois-ā- (“care, watch”) and Proto-Indo-European *kʷei-s- (“to heed”).

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forward”) + eō (“to go”), with a linking ⟨-d-⟩ as in redeō. De Vaan traces eō to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

Its origin is disputed: the OLD connects the second part either with agō (“to drive, do”) or with aiō (“to say”). De Vaan and the TLL take it with prōdigō (“to drive forth; to squander”), from…

It is from Latin prōdigō (“to squander”) + -us, and prōdigō is prō- and agō (“to drive”), with the ⟨d⟩ of redigō. De Vaan traces agō to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- (“to do, act”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin prōdō (“to betray, give up”) + -tor, the agent suffix. The verb is formed from prō- (“forth”) and dō (“to give”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to…

The origin is uncertain. Klingenschmitt derived it from ⟨*pro-gʷel-io-⟩, comparing Middle Welsh ryvel (“war”), Lithuanian gélti (“to ache, sting”) and Old English cwelan (“to die”); de Vaan objects…

It is formed from Latin prō (“for, as”) + factō, the ablative of factum (“deed, fact”): “for a fact”.

It is from Latin prō- + fēstus (“festive, of a holiday”), the counterpart of the holiday. The TLL notes that a negative with in- would have been expected, but īnfēstus already meant “hostile”; some…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forward”) + faciō (“to make”) + -scō, the inchoative suffix, first “to put oneself forward”. Wiktionary derives it from prōficiō “to advance”; the TLL thinks it was…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forward, away”) + fugiō (“to flee”). The TLL compares Ancient Greek προφυγεῖν (prophugeîn, “to flee away”) in Homer. De Vaan traces fugiō to Proto-Italic *fugi- and…

It is formed from Latin profugiō (“to flee, escape”) + -us. The verb is prō- (“forth”) and fugiō (“to flee”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *fug-i- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-i- (“to…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forth”) + fundō (“to pour”). De Vaan derives ⟨fundō⟩ from Proto-Italic *χunde- and the present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to pour”), from the root *ǵʰew-, cognate…

It is from Latin prō- + gignō (“to beget”). De Vaan notes that its pair with the participle prōgnātus (“born, descended”), from an older ⟨gnātos⟩, confirms that genitus is a recent replacement, and…

It is from Latin prōferō (“to bring forward; to extend; to put off”) + -tiō, formed on the participle stem ⟨prōlāt-⟩.

It is from Latin prō- + laciō (“to entice”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *lak-i- (“to draw, pull”) for the verb stem; the simple verb is attested only in Paulus' abridgement of Festus and is…

It is from Latin prō- + loquor (“to speak”). De Vaan traces loquor to Proto-Italic *tlokʷ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *tlokʷ- (“to talk”), comparing Old Irish ad·tluchedar (“gives thanks”).

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + -luō (“to wash”), a compound of the verb found in alluō. De Vaan explains the compounds in ⟨-luere⟩ as containing the verb lavō (“to wash”), which he traces to…

It is from Latin prō- + mereō (“to earn, deserve”). The TLL reports Leumann's view that the noun prōmeritum came first, from the phrase ⟨prō meritō⟩ “according to merit”, and that the verb was…

It is from Latin prōmereō (“to deserve, merit”), the neuter of its perfect participle used as a noun. The verb is a compound of mereō (“to earn”), recorded, like it, from Plautus on.

It is formed from Latin prō- + misceō (“to mix”) + -uus. The TLL calls the force of the prefix uncertain and takes ⟨prōmiscus⟩ as the older form, made like invidus and prōdigus, later remodelled on…

It is formed from Latin prō- (“forth”) + emō (“to take”), with contraction of the vowels; the TLL notes that ⟨emō⟩ has here its old sense “to take”, not “to buy”. De Vaan derives ⟨emō⟩ from…

The adjective is from Latin prōmō (“to bring out”), its perfect passive participle, and the noun is formed from the same verb with the suffix -tus. prōmō is prō- (“forth”) and emō (“to take”), which…

It is from Latin prō (“in front of”) + palam (“openly”). De Vaan finds the origin of palam uncertain; among Schrijver's explanations is a locative “in the flat of the hand”, related to palma.

It is formed from Latin prope (“near”) + diēs (“day”). The OLD takes it to come apparently from the phrase ⟨prope diēs⟩, with the accusative ending by false analogy with other adverbial expressions…

It is from Latin prō- + pellō (“to push, drive”). De Vaan traces ⟨pellō⟩ to Proto-Italic *pelnā- and Proto-Indo-European *pl-n(e)-h₂- (“to approach”), cognate with Umbrian ampentu (“to bring near…

It is from Latin prope (“near”) + modus (“measure”), with the noun in the accusative, near the measure. De Vaan, after Dunkel, derives prope from an iterative preverb Proto-Indo-European *própro…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin prōpendeō (“to hang down, incline”). De Vaan lists prōpendeō among the derivatives of pendō “to hang, weigh”; most handbooks take that root…

It is the adverb from Latin properus (“hasty, quick”) + -ē. The OLD calls the adjective of doubtful origin. Wiktionary takes it from prō- (“forward”) and the root of parō (“to prepare”), meaning…

It is formed from Latin properus (“quick, hasty”) + -ō, the verb ending. The origin of properus is doubtful: Walde and Hofmann suggested ⟨*pro-parāre⟩ “to bring forward”, and Wiktionary derives it…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek προπίνω (propínō, “to drink to someone”), a compound of προ- (pro-, “before”) and πίνω (pínō, “to drink”).

It is from Latin propinquus (“near”) + -tās. The adjective propinquus is formed from prope (“near”), which de Vaan, following Dunkel, traces to Proto-Indo-European *própro (“on and on, ever…

It is formed from Latin prope (“near”), with an ending like that of longinquus. Wiktionary analyses it as ⟨prop(e)⟩ + ⟨(h)inc⟩ + ⟨-uus⟩. De Vaan, following Dunkel, derives prope from…

It is from Latin propitius (“favourable, well-disposed”) + -ō. De Vaan lists the adjective (from Naevius) and the verb (from Plautus) among the derivatives of prope (“near”), which, following…

It is from Latin prope (“near”), its comparative, ⟨prope⟩ being the adverbial neuter of propior (“nearer”). De Vaan, after Dunkel, explains ⟨prope⟩ from an iterative preverb Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin propter (“because of”) + eā (“these things”), the ablative of is, like anteā and posteā. De Vaan derives propter from prope (“near”), which he traces, after Dunkel, to…

It is formed from Latin prō- + pudeō (“to be ashamed”) + -ium. The origin of pudeō is uncertain: de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *pud-ē- (“to be ashamed or shy or honourable”), reports that Walde…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πρῷρα (prôira, “prow”). Etymonline relates the Greek word to πρό (pró, “before, forward”), and Wiktionary and Köbler trace it to Proto-Indo-European *per-…

It is from Latin prō- + rapiō (“to seize, snatch”). De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”).

It is a contraction of ⟨*prōvorsus⟩, from Latin prō (“forward”) + vorsus, ⟨vorsus⟩ being, the old form of versus (“turned”), the participle of vertō (“to turn”). De Vaan derives the verb from…

The origin is uncertain: the first part is the prefix prō-, the second unexplained. The OLD analyses it as prō-, a root ⟨sap-⟩ and the suffix -ia, comparing a Sanskrit word for “penis” and Priāpus…

It is from Latin prō- + saliō (“to leap”). De Vaan traces saliō to Proto-Italic *sal-je- (“to jump”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-ie/o- (“to jump”), though he regards the root form as uncertain…

It is from Latin prosperus (“favourable, fortunate”) + -ē. The OLD calls the origin of prosperus doubtful, noting Nonius' derivation from an adverbial phrase ⟨prō spērē⟩, perhaps a popular…