Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + temperiēs (“due measure, mildness”). temperiēs belongs with temperō (“to moderate”) and tempus (“time”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tempos- (“stretch…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + tempestīvus (“timely, seasonable”). The TLL compares Ancient Greek ἄκαιρος (ákairos, “ill-timed”) and intempestus (“unseasonable”). tempestīvus is from tempus…

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between”) + cēdō (“to go, give way”). De Vaan traces ⟨cēdō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kesde/o- (“to go away, avoid”) and, following Lubotsky, to Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ-…

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between”) + capiō (“to take”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩. De Vaan derives ⟨capiō⟩ from Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-i- or a…

It is from Latin interdictus (“forbidden”), its neuter, ⟨interdictus⟩ being the participle of interdīcō (“to forbid”), used as a noun. The verb is inter (“between”) with dīcō (“to say”), which de…

It is formed from Latin inter (“between”) + dum (“while”).

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between, among”) + eō (“to go”). The literal sense was to go among other things so as to be lost to view, as Lewis & Short explain. De Vaan traces eō to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin inter (“between”) + im, an old accusative of the pronoun is (compare inde): “between that”. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of inter, which continues…

It is from Latin inter- + lavō (“to wash”). In compounds this verb takes the form ⟨-luō⟩, as in abluō and dīluō. De Vaan traces lavō to Proto-Italic *lowa- and Proto-Indo-European *(le-)louh₃- (“to…

It is from Latin inter- + morior (“to die”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of the simple verb, which goes back to Proto-Italic *morje- (“to die”) and Proto-Indo-European *mr-ie/o- (“to…

It is from Latin inter- + nōscō (“to get to know”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of nōscō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *gnōske- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵnh₃-sḱé- (“to get to know”).

It is from Latin inter- (“between”) + nūntius (“messenger”). De Vaan reconstructs nūntius as ⟨*nountio-⟩ and finds its further origin unclear: some derive it from a root Proto-Indo-European *neuH-…

It is from Latin interpellō (“to interrupt”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists the verbs in ⟨-pellō⟩ under pellō (“to push, drive”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pelna- (“to approach”) and…

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between”) + pellō (“to push, drive”), passing into the first conjugation like appellō and compellō. De Vaan traces ⟨pellō⟩ to Proto-Italic *pelnā- and…

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between”) + rogō (“to ask”). De Vaan takes rogō as a verb made from a noun or adjective ⟨*rog-o-⟩ “stretching out”, perhaps of the arms in asking, from…

It is from Latin inter- + rumpō (“to break”). De Vaan traces rumpō to Proto-Italic *ru-n-p- (“to break”) and Proto-Indo-European *Hru-n-p- (“to break”). Cognate with Old English rēofan (“to break…

It is formed from Latin inter- + sum (“to be”), “to be between”. De Vaan traces sum to Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

It is formed from Latin inter- (“between”) + vallum (“palisade, rampart”), first the space between the stakes of a palisade. Varro, quoted by Cassiodorus, explained ⟨intervalla⟩ as the spaces…

It is from Latin inter- + vertō (“to turn”). vertō goes back to Proto-Italic *wertō and Proto-Indo-European *wert-.

It is from Latin intestīnus (“internal”), its neuter used as a noun. De Vaan notes that the noun is found earlier (Plautus) than the adjective (Varro), and that the two senses point to an adjective…

It is from Latin in- + tolerābilis (“bearable”), and tolerābilis is made from tolerō (“to bear, endure”). For tolerō, de Vaan reports Nussbaum's proposal of a present built on Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + tolerandus (“to be endured”), the negative prefix with the gerundive of tolerō (“to bear, endure”). De Vaan lists tolerō and intolerandus under tollō (“to lift”)…

It is from Latin in- (“in, at”) + torqueō (“to twist”). De Vaan traces torqueō to Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”) and Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”), a causative verb, comparing…

It is from Latin intrō (“inside”) + eō (“to go”), also written separately. The verb eō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“on, at”) + tueor (“to look at, watch over”). De Vaan reconstructs tueor as Proto-Italic *-tow-ē- (“to protect”), and tentatively Proto-Indo-European *touh₂-eie-…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *entos (“inside”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entós (“(from) inside”), formed from the root of in (“in”). The OLD and Wiktionary analyse it as the…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + ultus, the participle of ulcīscor (“to avenge”). De Vaan traces ⟨ulcīscor⟩ to Proto-Italic *olk- (“to destroy, take revenge”), perhaps from the root of dēleō…

1. The suffix of relational adjectives is inherited from Proto-Italic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. It is cognate with Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos) and Proto-Germanic *-īnaz. The OLD…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + ūtilis (“useful”). ⟨Ūtilis⟩ is from ūtor (“to use”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *oite/o- (“to use”), with Oscan úíttiuf (“use”); following Tichy he…

It is formed from Latin in- (“in, into; against”) + vehō (“to carry”). ⟨vehō⟩ goes back to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ueǵʰ-e/o- (“to carry”), cognate with Sanskrit वहति (váhati…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + venustus (“charming, attractive”). The base is derived from venus (“charm, desire”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wenos- and Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-os…

It is a back-formation from Latin invideō (“to envy; to look askance at”), as Walde and Hofmann explained it. The verb is in- (“on, against”) with videō (“to see”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin in- + vīsō (“to go to see”). De Vaan explains vīsō as an old desiderative of videō (“to see”), from ⟨*weid-s-ō⟩; videō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).

It is from Latin in- (“in, into”) + volō (“to fly”). De Vaan derives volō from Proto-Italic *gʷela-je/o- and finds it conceivable that this goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁- (“to raise the…

1. The suffix for nouns is from Latin -ō, added to i-stems in the feminine abstracts, and in the masculines an extension of the same suffix, possibly by rebracketing. Sihler counts the feminines as…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰώ (iṓ), a cry of joy or grief. Wiktionary calls it echoic, and Köbler compares an interjection Proto-Indo-European *i̯ū̆.

It is a denominative verb from Latin iocus (“joke”) + -ō. De Vaan traces iocus to Proto-Italic *joko- and Proto-Indo-European *yok-o- (“word, utterance”). He compares Umbrian iuka (“words…

It is from Latin īrācundus (“irascible, hot-tempered”) + -ē, the adverb of an adjective made from īra (“anger, rage”). De Vaan notes that the suffix ⟨-cundus⟩ is rare and cannot be original in…

It is formed from Latin īrācundus (“irascible”) + -ia. The adjective comes from īra (“anger”) with a suffix ⟨-cundus⟩ taken from other adjectives; de Vaan traces ⟨īra⟩ to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin īra (“anger”) + -cundus. De Vaan notes that the rare suffix ⟨-cundus⟩ cannot be original here and was taken over from other adjectives in ⟨-cundus⟩. He derives ⟨īra⟩ from…

It is a back-formation from Latin īrātus (“angry”), as if that were the participle of a verb. De Vaan notes that the verb cannot be made directly from īra (“anger”), while the adjective was formed…

It is formed from Latin īra (“anger”) + -ātus, and was later taken as the participle of īrāscor (“to grow angry”), which arose from it by back-formation. īra goes back to Proto-Italic *eisā- and…

It is formed from Latin in- (“at, against”) + rīdeō (“to laugh”). De Vaan finds no good Indo-European etymology for ⟨rīdeō⟩ and calls the old link with Sanskrit व्रीडते (vrīḍate, “is shy”)…

It is from Latin in- + rigō (“to water, moisten”). De Vaan notes that the compound is attested earlier than the simple verb, which appears only from Lucretius on, and thinks the compound clearly the…

It is from Latin in- + rogō (“to ask, propose”). De Vaan derives rogō from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), probably a denominative verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o-…

It is from Latin irrumpō (“to burst in”) + -tiō. That verb is a compound of in- (“into”) and rumpō (“to break, burst”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ru-n-p- and Proto-Indo-European…

1. The pronoun is formed from Latin iste (“that (of yours)”) + -ce (“here, there”). De Vaan explains ⟨iste⟩ from Proto-Italic *es-to-, matching Umbrian ⟨estu⟩ “this”, with a first element ⟨*es-⟩ as…

It is from Latin istim (“from there”) + -ce. istim belongs with the pronoun iste “that (of yours)”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *es-to-, the source of the Umbrian demonstrative estu too. It…

It is a derivative from Latin iste (“that of yours”), formed like eō (“thither”) and quō (“whither”). De Vaan traces iste to Proto-Italic *es-to-, whose second element is the pronoun…

The OLD takes it as perhaps from ⟨*istoic⟩, an old locative of direction from Latin istic (“that of yours”), comparing Ancient Greek ποῖ (poî, “whither”). De Vaan lists it among the adverbs made…

It is from Latin ita (“so, thus”) + -que (“and”), “and so”. Donatus distinguished ⟨ităque⟩ “and so, and in this way”, with a short middle syllable, from the conjunction “therefore”, with a long one.

It is from Latin iterum (“again, a second time”) + -ō. The TLL compares autumō from autem. De Vaan traces iterum to Proto-Italic *itero- (“the other”) and Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)i-tero-.

It is the neuter of an adjective that Latin lost, inherited from Proto-Italic *itero- (“the other”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)i-tero-, used as an adverb. The adjective is built with…

It is from Latin ita (“so, thus”) + -dem, like īdem (“the same”). De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *ita-dim; he connects ita with Proto-Italic *i-to- and compares Umbrian itek (“thus, as said”).

The suffix is an enlargement from Latin -tō, but the appearance of -i- when it is added to first-conjugation verbs has not been explained. Sihler agrees that the exact source is unknown: rogitō has…

It is from Latin eō (“to go”) + -tō, a frequentative verb. Wiktionary takes it to go back to Proto-Italic *itāō.

It is formed from Latin iugulum (“collarbone, throat”) + -ō, the verb suffix, as the grammarians Charisius and Dositheus already said. De Vaan explains ⟨iugulum⟩ as probably a “small yoke”, a…

The OLD forms it from Latin iugum (“yoke”) + -ulum. De Vaan, who treats it under iungō (“to join”), takes it as probably a “small yoke”, a connecting part, hence the throat; Lewis and Short likewise…

It is from Latin -ius (“adjective-forming suffix”), the neuter of the adjective used as a noun. Wiktionary compares Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion), Proto-Germanic *-(i)ją and Proto-Slavic *-ьje. The…

It is probably formed from Latin iungō (“to yoke, join”) + -s- + -mentum (from the root of ⟨iungō⟩), as exāmen beside agmen. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *jougsmnto-, built on an s-stem…