irrogo

Forms

irrogō (present infinitive irrogāre, perfect active irrogāvī, supine irrogātum); first conjugation^[1] It is also spelled inrogō, the usual spelling in manuscripts.^[2][3] Cicero has the old form irrogāssit for irrogāverit.^[4]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- + rogō (“to ask, propose”).^[2][1][3] De Vaan derives rogō from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), probably a denominative verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o- (“stretching”), with the arms held out in begging, and compares Old Norse rakr (“straight”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^[5] in whose Captivi a parasite says he will name a day and propose a fine.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Its first use is legal: a magistrate presiding over a trial before the people demands or proposes a penalty against someone.^[2] Cicero uses it of laws and privileges proposed against private persons.^[4] More generally it is to impose or inflict punishments, injuries or burdens: Seneca says it will be clear that things are evil if God inflicts them only on the wicked.^[2] Church Latin glosses it to impose, inflict.^[6]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of proposing a fine.^[2][5][7]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero of laws proposed against private persons.^[4][7]
• 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of evils inflicted.^[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

1. (law) To demand or propose (a penalty) against someone before the people.^[2][4][1]
2. To impose, inflict (punishments, injuries, burdens).^[2][4][1][6]

Word family

• irrogātiō

Related words

• abrogō
• arrogō
• corrogō
• dērogō
• ērogō
• interrogō
• obrogō
• perrogō
• praerogō
• prōrogō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de