Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

The origin is uncertain; the OLD marks it as doubtful. De Vaan notes that it looks like a derivative of a stem ⟨*fat-⟩, but that neither ⟨*fati-⟩ “exhaustion” nor ⟨*fato-⟩ “said” gives a clear…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan's reconstruction is inherited from Proto-Italic *fawōn(-jo)-: if it is related to Faunus, it most likely continues an earlier noun ⟨*favō, -ōnis⟩ “one who favours”…

It is formed from Latin fēlīx (“lucky, fruitful”) + -ter, the adverbial suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨fēlīx⟩ to Proto-Italic *fēl(w)ī- (“suckling”), from a stem Proto-Indo-European *dheh1-l- (“sucking…

The origin is unknown. De Vaan calls it an isolated r/n-stem, which must be an archaic formation; he notes Steinbauer's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰen-ur (“bow”), unproblematic in meaning…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *χʷ(e)nd-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-dʰ- (“to hit, strike”). De Vaan derives it from the PIE root present *gʷʰen-, either with a suffix *-d(h)- or…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps from Latin ferō (“to carry”): de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb, and the TLL accepts no other origin. The OLD prefers a stem ferent- of feriō…

It is from Latin fēriae (“holidays”) + -ātus in the OLD's analysis; Wiktionary takes it as the perfect participle of fērior (“to rest from work”), and the TLL leaves open which of the two it is. The…

It is from Latin ferōx (“wild, fierce”) + -ter. De Vaan derives ferōx from ferus (“wild”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *χwero- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰueh₁ro- (“wild animal”), cognate with…

It is from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -mentum. De Vaan takes ferrum as a loanword from an unidentified source, possibly a Phoenician dialect, comparing the Phoenician and Syriac words for iron.

It is from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -ārius. The noun is the adjective used substantively.

It is from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -ātus. De Vaan takes ferrum as a loanword from an unidentified source, possibly a Phoenician dialect.

It is formed from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -eus. De Vaan takes ⟨ferrum⟩ as a loanword from an unidentified source, possibly a Phoenician dialect, comparing the Phoenician and Syriac words for “iron”.

It is from Latin ferveō (“to boil, be hot”), its present participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *ferwe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰeru-e/o- (“to be hot, boil”)…

It is from Latin ferveō (“to boil, be hot”) + -scō, an inchoative verb. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *ferwe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰeru-e/o- (“to be hot, boil”). De Vaan takes this verb…

It is formed from an old noun ⟨*festi-⟩ “haste”, which cōnfestim (“immediately”) also presupposes; de Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *fristi- (“haste”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰristi-, cognate…

It is from Latin fētus (“having recently given birth”), its feminine used as a noun. The adjective goes back to Proto-Italic *fēto- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-to- (“having given birth”); de Vaan…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD and the TLL compare fimum (“dung”), and the OLD also suffiō. De Vaan reports Ernout and Meillet's view that ⟨ae⟩ may be the oldest spelling and their comparison with…

It is from Latin fictus (“shaped, moulded”) + -ilis, from the past participle of fingō (“to shape, mould”). De Vaan traces fingō to Proto-Italic *finge/o- (“to knead, form”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin fingō (“to shape, fashion”) + -tor, an agent noun. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *finge/o- (“to knead, form”) and Proto-Indo-European *dʰi-n-ǵʰ-.

The origin is uncertain. The OLD and the TLL compare Ancient Greek πίθος (píthos, “large wine jar”), Attic φιδάκνη (phidáknē) and Old Norse biða (“milk pail”). Pokorny derives it from…

It is from Latin fidēlis (“faithful”) + -ter. De Vaan explains fidēlis as derived from fidēs (“trust, faith”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *bʰidʰ-eh₁- (“faith”), from the root of fīdō…

It is from Latin fidicen (“lyre player”) + -a, its feminine. fidicen is formed from fidēs (“lyre, lyre string”) and ⟨-cen⟩, from canō (“to sing, play”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin fīdō (“to trust”) + -ia, through an unattested ⟨*fīdūcus⟩, like cadūcus from cadō. De Vaan traces fīdō to Proto-Italic *feiþe- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰeidʰ-e/o- (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fīni-, a reconstruction de Vaan marks as uncertain, and its further origin is disputed. Walde and Hofmann, followed by the OLD and Georges, reconstruct *fīg-s-ni-…

It is from Latin firmus (“firm, strong”) + -ē. De Vaan derives the adjective from Proto-Italic *fermo- and Proto-Indo-European *dher-mo- (“holding”), with /i/ perhaps from /e/ raised after a labial.

It is from Latin firmus (“firm, strong”) + -tās. De Vaan traces firmus to Proto-Italic *fermo- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo- (“holding”), from the root “to hold”; the ⟨i⟩ may come from ⟨e⟩…

It is formed from Latin firmus (“firm, strong”) + -ter.

It is from Latin firmus (“firm”) + -tūdō. De Vaan traces firmus to Proto-Italic *fermo- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo- (“holding”). Cognate with Sanskrit धर्मन् (dhárman-, “support, firm hold…

It is from Latin fissus + -ilis, formed on the past participle of findō (“to split”). De Vaan says it was derived productively from that participle; the verb goes back to Proto-Italic *find-e- and…

It is from Latin findō (“to split”): the noun is the neuter of fissus (“split”), the verb's perfect passive participle. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *find-e- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-n-d-…

It is formed from Latin flāgitō (“to demand insistently”) + -ium, apparently a noun “importunate demand” made from that verb. De Vaan takes flāgitō as an iterative of an unattested verb ⟨*flāgere⟩…

De Vaan takes it as a frequentative of a lost verb ⟨*flāgō⟩ “to whip”, from Proto-Italic *flāg-e/o- (“to whip”), so first “to whip as a punishment”, then “to scold”; it would then belong with…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *flagro- (“whip”), perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bhlHg-ro-. De Vaan connects it with flāgitō (“to demand”), an iterative of an unattested verb meaning…

There is no etymology. A connection with Old High German blaha (“coarse linen cloth”) is much too imprecise to inspire confidence, though Köbler and Wiktionary list it under Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin flōreō (“to bloom, flourish”), its present participle, used as an adjective. ⟨Flōreō⟩ is formed from flōs (“flower”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *flōs- (“flower”) and…

It is from Latin flūctus (“wave”) + -ō. flūctus is made from fluō (“to flow”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleuH-(e/o-) (“to flow (over)”), with…

It is formed from Latin fluō (“to flow”) + -tus. fluō goes back to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleuH- (“to flow over”).

1. The adjective is from Latin fluō (“to flow”), its perfect participle. Wiktionary explains the unexpected ⟨x⟩ of the stem by analogy with pairs such as struō and strūxī. De Vaan traces fluō to…

It is from Latin focus (“hearth”) + -ulus. De Vaan finds no acceptable etymology for focus; he rejects Hamp's view that focus was formed back from this diminutive as chronologically difficult.

It is from Latin fodiō (“to dig, pierce”) + -icō. The grammarian Nonius defines it as the same as fodiō, and Priscian sets it beside vellicō from vellō and similar pairs. The base goes back to…

It is from Latin foedus (“foul, hideous”) + -ē.

It is formed from Latin foedus (“foul, hideous”) as a first-conjugation verb. De Vaan, after Walde–Hofmann and Nussbaum, takes the first sense of that adjective to be “frightful”, and derives it…

It is formed from Latin fōrma (“form, beauty”) + -ōsus. The origin of ⟨fōrma⟩ is unclear: de Vaan suggests an older ⟨*morma⟩ dissimilated as in formīca (“ant”) and formīdō (“dread”), and thinks it…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *foraje/o-, which de Vaan explains as an iterative verb Proto-Indo-European *bʰorH-(i-) (“to pierce many times, bore”), since verbs of this root show the same…

It is formed from Latin forte (“by chance”), the ablative of fors (“chance”); the ending is unclear, but de Vaan and the OLD think it continues ⟨*forte an sit⟩, “by chance it may be”, though the…

It is a by-form, from Latin fortasse (“perhaps”); compare magis. Priscian counted it among the adverbs derived from fors (“chance”). De Vaan thinks that adverb seems to come from a phrase forte (“by…

It is formed from Latin fortis (“strong, brave”) + -ter. De Vaan traces fortis, old ⟨forctus⟩, ⟨horctus⟩ “good”, to Proto-Italic *forkti/o-; its further origin is unclear: perhaps ⟨*bʰorg-to-⟩…

It is from Latin fortūna (“luck, fortune”) + -ō, a verb made from the noun.

The origin is unknown. De Vaan rejects the comparison with Ancient Greek χειά (kheiá, “serpent's den”) and the Hesychian χειή (kheiḗ), and finds it uncertain whether favissae (“underground vaults”)…

It is from Latin fraudō (“to cheat, defraud”) + -tiō, and the verb is formed from fraus (“deceit, fraud”). De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of the noun; its further origin is uncertain, and…

It is formed from Latin fraus (“deceit, fraud”) + -ō, the verb suffix. The origin of ⟨fraus⟩ is uncertain: de Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *frawV- and, with a query, Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin fraus (“deceit, fraud”) + -ulentus. De Vaan traces fraus to Proto-Italic *frawV- and, with a query, to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrou-V́-d(ʰ)-; he rejects the derivations from…

It is formed from Latin fremō (“to roar, murmur”) + -tus. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *freme/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem-e/o- (“to hum, rumble”), though the root's exact form is…

The OLD compares friō (“to crumble”), and de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb, from Latin friō (“to crumble”): it presupposes an adjective Proto-Italic *friko-, probably built…

The origin is uncertain. It is very close in form and meaning to Ancient Greek φρύγω (phrúgō, “to roast”), but the two cannot be matched by sound laws, so de Vaan suggests a loanword from a third…

It is from Latin frūgālis (“frugal, honest”) + -ter. The adjective is formed from frūx (“crop, fruit”), whose dative frūgī was used as an adjective meaning “worthy, honest”. De Vaan traces frūx to…

It is formed from Latin frūmentum (“grain, corn”) + -ārius. Köbler connects ⟨frūmentum⟩ with fruor (“to enjoy”). The noun is the adjective used of a person.

It is formed from Latin frūx (“fruit, crops”) + -mentum, on the stem, also related to fruor “to enjoy”, from ⟨*frūg-men-⟩ (Lewis and Short: ⟨*frūgimentum⟩). De Vaan derives the stem from…

It is from Latin fruor (“to enjoy”), built on the older stem ⟨frūg-⟩ with a nasal and the suffix ⟨-scō⟩, a formation like conquiniscō. De Vaan sees in it an earlier nasal present ⟨*frūg-n-e/o-⟩…

It is from Latin frūstror (“to deceive, disappoint”) + -tiō. The verb is from the adverb frūstrā (“in vain”), which Etymonline relates to fraus (“harm, deceit”).