Latin words first recorded in the 2nd century BC

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰταλία (Italía), probably from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), the name of the south-western tip of the peninsula. Etymonline calls the origin unknown and…

It is from Latin lascīvus (“playful, wanton”) + -iō.

It is from Latin latus (“side, flank”) + -ālis. De Vaan finds no good etymology for latus itself, an old s-stem.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis, “speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), which Köbler traces to Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”).

1. The verb “chew” is from Latin mandūcus (“a masked figure with champing jaws; glutton”), formed with the verbal suffix ⟨-ō⟩. That noun is built on mandō (“to chew”), and Lewis and Short simply…

It is from Latin manus (“hand”) + tergeō (“to wipe”), a cloth for wiping the hands. De Vaan takes ⟨mantēlum⟩ to reflect Proto-Italic *man-tergslo-, and notes that it is disputed whether the…

The source is uncertain: it may be from Latin manus (“hand”), a bag for the hand, as Lewis & Short and Wiktionary have it; the OLD and Köbler compare it instead with mantellum (“cloak”).

It is probably from Latin malleus (“hammer”): the OLD derives it, with a query, from ⟨*mal-tlos⟩, comparing malleus, Niedermann connected marculus with malleus, and de Vaan lists marculus among the…

It is from Latin marmor (“marble”) + -eus, an adjective of material. The noun marmor was borrowed from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros, “marble”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μέταξα (métaxa). The OLD compares the Greek word, which Georges gives with a variant μάταξα (mátaxa); both he and the TLL call it a foreign word. Ancient…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós), from μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “device, machine”). Wiktionary notes that it can also be analysed as māchina with -icus.

It is probably from Latin mendum (“fault, blemish”), made from its old plural, although it is attested somewhat earlier. De Vaan traces both to Proto-Italic *m(e)ndo-. Wiktionary and Köbler derive…

It is probably from Latin mergō (“to dip, plunge”), the bird that dives into the water. That verb goes back to Proto-Italic *mezge/o- and Proto-Indo-European *mesg-e/o- (“to sink, wash”); de Vaan…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “imitator, actor”). Etymonline calls the Greek word of unknown origin.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “girdle, headband, turban”). Köbler calls the further origin of the Greek word unclear.

It is formed from Latin multus + -tūdō, from the adjective “much, many”. De Vaan derives multus from Proto-Italic *molto- and compares Ancient Greek μάλα (mála, “very”), though he calls the further…

It is from Latin nāsus (“nose”) + -ūtus, formed like aurītus “long-eared” and cornūtus “horned”. The grammarian Priscian already derived it from ⟨nāsus⟩.

It is from Latin nummus (“coin”) + -ārius. nummus is related, at least ultimately, to Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”), its first meaning being the regular unit of currency; Wiktionary…

It is from Latin ob- + rigēscō (“to grow stiff”), the inchoative of rigeō (“to be stiff”). The TLL derives it from ⟨ob⟩ and that verb, noting that the simple ⟨rigēscere⟩ is not found before Virgil…

It is from Latin ob- + sīdō (“to sit down, settle”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of sīdō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- (“to sit down”) and Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek οἰνοφόρον (oinophóron), the neuter of οἰνοφόρος (oinophóros, “containing wine”) used as a noun, from οἶνος (oînos, “wine”) and -φόρος (-phóros, “bearing”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *elō̆r, probably from an earlier ⟨*elōr⟩ with the regular change of /e/ to /o/ before a velarised /l/, though ⟨*olōr⟩ cannot be ruled out entirely. With Old Irish…

It is formed from Latin -ātus on a stem ⟨*palud-⟩, which the OLD and Köbler connect with palla (“mantle”). Wiktionary instead derives it from Palūda, a name of Minerva in military dress. Priscian…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD compares Lithuanian pāpas, and Lewis & Short connect it with a root meaning “to swell”, as in Ancient Greek πομφός (pomphós). Wiktionary derives it from…

It is a diminutive, from Latin pellis (“skin, hide”) + -cula. That noun goes back to Proto-Italic *pelni- and Proto-Indo-European *pel-ni- (“skin, hide”); its cognates include Lithuanian plėnė̃…

It is from Latin per- + lābor (“to glide, slip”). De Vaan lists it, with lābor, among the words placed beside labō (“to totter”), but he doubts that connection and leaves lābī without a further…

It is formed from Latin per- (“through, thoroughly”) + solvō (“to loosen, pay”). De Vaan analyses the verb as ⟨*se-⟩ “away” and luō (“to loosen”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *luwe/o- and…

It is formed from Latin prae- (“before, very”) + clārus (“bright, famous”). De Vaan derives clārus from Proto-Italic *klāro- (“loud”), from Proto-Indo-European *klh₁-ro- (“loud, sonorous”); the…

Used as a noun, it is the feminine participle from Latin praetexō (“to border, fringe”), with toga or fābula (“play”) understood. De Vaan lists it under texō (“to weave”), which he traces to…

It is from Latin prae- (“before, very”) + validus (“strong”); Lewis & Short link it with praevaleō (“to be very strong, prevail”). validus is from valeō (“to be strong”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin prīmus (“first”) + -itus, an adverb in ⟨-itus⟩. Nonius quotes a parallel adverb ⟨prīmiter⟩ from Lucilius.

It is formed from Latin proelium (“battle”). The origin of ⟨proelium⟩ is unclear: Klingenschmitt derived it from ⟨*pro-gʷel-io-⟩, with cognates such as Welsh rhyfel (“war”) and Lithuanian gélti (“to…

It is from Latin pungō (“to prick, stab”) + -iō, from the root seen in its perfect ⟨pupugī⟩, with an old lengthened vowel. De Vaan traces the root to Proto-Italic *pung- (“to pierce, sting”) and…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pūs- (“pus”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *puH-os (“pus”), from the root *puH- (“to rot”). The nominative may come from the stem with -s- of the oblique…

It is from Latin quīcumque (“whoever, whatever”), its feminine ablative singular: quā (“by which way”) with ⟨-cumque⟩. De Vaan traces the feminine of quī (“who, which”) to Proto-Italic *kʷāi and…

Used as a noun, it is the present participle from Latin quadrō (“to make square”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of quattuor (“four”), and Etymonline traces that numeral to…

It is probably from Latin Quirītēs (“Roman citizens”), so that it first meant to call on the citizens for help. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that noun, and Wiktionary reports that he…

It is formed from Latin redeō (“to go back, return”) + -tus. redeō is red- (“back”) and eō (“to go”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ei- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin resideō (“to stay seated, remain behind”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of sedeō (“to sit”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”) and…

It is from Latin ringor (“to open the mouth, show the teeth”) + -tus. De Vaan traces ringor to Proto-Italic *wreng-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *u̯reng- (“to turn, curve”), comparing Old English…

It is probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH- (“to weep”). The OLD and Georges compare Lithuanian raudóti and Old High German riozan (“to lament”), and Wiktionary Sanskrit रोदिति…

It is from Latin rūga (“wrinkle”) + -ōsus. De Vaan traces rūga to Proto-Italic *roug-ā- and Proto-Indo-European *h1roug-h2- (“wrinkle”), most likely connected with ērūgō (“to belch”).

It is from Latin saccus (“sack, bag”) + -ulus, a diminutive. The base saccus is a borrowing from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos).

It is from Latin sāgus (“prophetic”), its feminine used as a noun. De Vaan notes that the adjective appears only after the Republic and that the compound praesāgiō (“to foresee”) is attested before…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sald-e/o- (“to salt”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-d- (“salt”). The noun for salt, sāl, has the same root without the *-d-. The past participle…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skaf-e/o- (“to scratch”), from the root Wiktionary gives as Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (skaban, “to shave”), Old High…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σχέδιος (skhédios, “offhand, improvised”), used as a neuter noun. Gaffiot also records the Latin adjective schedius, “made in haste”, from Paulus' epitome of Festus.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion”).

It is formed from Latin scrībō (“to write”) + -tor. De Vaan derives ⟨scrībō⟩ from Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European *skreibʰ-e/o- (“to carve”), so writing was first…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *skrout- with a question mark and finds matching words, in form and perhaps in meaning, only in Germanic: Old High German scrōtan (“to hew…

It is from Latin sector (“to follow eagerly”) + -tor, an agent noun. De Vaan explains sector as a verb made from ⟨*sekto-⟩, the original past participle of sequor (“to follow”), which goes back to…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στέγαστρον (stégastron, “covering”), with dissimilation of the first consonant. Wiktionary calls the derivation “seeming”. Köbler takes the Greek word to στεγάζω…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- (“to sit down”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to sit down”), a reduplicated present of the root of sedeō (“to sit”). Cognate with…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σίγμα (sígma, “sigma”), the name of the Greek letter. Köbler, after Frisk, calls the further origin of the Greek name unclear.

It is from Latin simul (“at the same time”) + atque (“and”), the adverb with the conjunction used together as a subordinating conjunction.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σίφων (síphōn, “pipe, tube”). The Greek word is a technical term of uncertain origin; Wiktionary mentions a possible connection with tībia “pipe” and, because of…

It is from Latin sodālis (“companion, comrade”), the neuter of the adjective ⟨sodālicius⟩ “of companions” used as a noun. De Vaan traces sodālis to Proto-Italic *sweþāli-, a derivative of…

It is from Latin sonus (“sound”) + pēs (“foot”). sonus belongs with sonō (“to sound”) and goes back to Proto-Italic *sweno- (“sound”) and the root Proto-Indo-European *suenH- (“to sound”); pēs…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “sophist”). The Greek word comes from σοφίζομαι (sophízomai, “to become wise or learned”), from σοφός (sophós, “skilled, clever, wise”), whose…

1. The spear is inherited from Proto-Italic *sparo- (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *sprH-o- (“spear, beam”). Its cognates are Germanic and Albanian nouns: Old Norse spjǫrr (“spear”), Old…