simulatque

Forms

simulatque (conjunction; also written simul atque, simul ac or simulac)^[1][2]

Etymology

It is from Latin simul (“at the same time”) + atque (“and”), the adverb with the conjunction used together as a subordinating conjunction.^[3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest example, in the shorter form simul ac, is from Lucilius: continuo, simul ac paulo vehementius aura inflarit, “at once, as soon as the breeze blows a little harder”.^[1][4] Simul atque appears in Cicero's speeches against Verres: simul atque e navi egressus est, “as soon as he had come off the ship”.^[1]

Semantic evolution

It means as soon as, the moment that,^[1][3] and is common in classical prose and verse: Cicero promises in his letters to write simul ac constituero, “as soon as I have decided”, Caesar uses it in the Gallic War, and Lucretius, Sallust, Nepos and Virgil have it too.^[1] It can take the subjunctive in a subordinate clause.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius has simul ac.^[1][4]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses simul atque and simul ac in his speeches and letters.^[1][4]
• c. 50 BC – Caesar uses simul atque.^[1][4]
• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses simul ac in the Aeneid.^[1][4]

Meanings

Conjunction

1. As soon as, the moment that.^[1][3][5]

Usage notes

The same sense is expressed by simul et, found in Cicero's letters and in the De finibus,^[1] by simul ut,^[1] and by simul used alone as a conjunction, as in Catullus, Caesar, Horace and Livy.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
2. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
3. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier