Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin re- + farciō (“to stuff, cram”). De Vaan derives farciō from Proto-Italic *fark-je- (“to stuff”); the only cognate he can think of is Ancient Greek φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence in”)…

It is from Latin referciō (“to stuff, cram”), its participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from re- and farciō (“to stuff”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fark-je- (“to stuff”)…

It is from Latin re- (“back, un-”) + fīgō (“to fasten”). De Vaan traces fīgō to Proto-Indo-European *dheigw-e/o- or *dhiHgw-e/o-; the older present fīvō kept the regular outcome of /gʷ/ between…

It is from Latin re- + formīdō (“to fear, dread”). The verb is from the noun formīdō (“fear”), which de Vaan suggests may go back to ⟨*morm-⟩ and be connected with Ancient Greek μορμώ (mormṓ…

It is formed from Latin refrīgerō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to cool down”. The verb itself is built on frīgus (“cold”).

It is from Latin refugiō (“to flee back, escape”) + -ium. The verb is a compound of re- (“back”) and fugiō (“to flee”). It lives on in Old French refui and Old Provençal refugi, and in Italian…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + fundō (“to pour”).

It is formed from Latin refūtō (“to drive back, rebut”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin regredior (“to go back”) + -tus, a fourth-declension noun of action. regredior is a compound of re- and gradior (“to step, walk”), which Wiktionary traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin regō (“to direct, guide”) + -ula, with the suffix of instrument nouns. The TLL thinks the suffix replaced an older *-tlo-, and that the long ē was taken from the participle rēctus…

It is from Latin rēiciō (“to throw back, reject”) + -tiō. That verb is formed with re- from iaciō (“to throw”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”).

It is from Latin re- + languēscō (“to become faint”). De Vaan lists languēscō among the derivatives of langueō (“to be faint”), which he traces to an adjective meaning faint or weak, Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin relaxō (“to loosen, relax”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists relaxō among the derivatives of laxus (“spacious, wide, loose”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *(s)lakso- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin relēgō (“to banish, send away”) + -tiō, a noun of action.

It is from Latin re- + levō (“to lift; to lighten”).

1. The adjective meaning “forsaken” is from Latin relinquō (“to leave behind, abandon”), whose perfect passive participle it is. The verb is made of re- and linquō (“to leave”); de Vaan traces the…

It is from Latin religiōsus (“religious, scrupulous”) + -ē. De Vaan finds it uncertain whether religiō belongs with ligō “to tie”, and Wiktionary gives both that verb and relegō as possible sources.

It is from Latin rēmex (“oarsman, rower”) + -ō, and Wiktionary analyses it as rēmus (“oar”) with the suffix ⟨-igō⟩. De Vaan lists rēmex among the derivatives of that noun, which goes back to…

It is from Latin remissus (“slack, relaxed”) + -ē. The adjective is the past participle of remittō (“to send back, slacken”), a compound of re- and mittō (“to send, let go”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin remittō (“to send back, slacken”), its past participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from re- and mittō (“to send, let go”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + mūgiō (“to low, bellow”). De Vaan calls mūgiō an imitation of a cow's lowing and traces it to Proto-Italic *mūg- and Proto-Indo-European *mū̆g-, cognate with…

It is from Latin remūneror (“to repay, reward”) + -tiō. The verb is built on mūnus (“duty, gift”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *moini- and *moi-nos- (“duty, obligation, task”).

It is from Latin renovō (“to renew”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists renovō (from Accius on) among the derivatives of novus (“new”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *nowo- and Proto-Indo-European *neuo-…

It is from Latin renūntiō (“to report, announce; to renounce”) + -tiō. That verb is a compound of re- and nūntiō (“to announce”), from nūntius (“messenger”). De Vaan thinks the noun probably goes…

It is formed from Latin re- (“back”) + -nuō (“to nod”), found only in compounds such as abnuō; the OLD connects it with nūtō (“to nod”). De Vaan traces ⟨-nuō⟩ to Proto-Italic *nowe/o- and…

It is from Latin re- + pendō (“to weigh”). De Vaan traces pendō to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang, weigh”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-e/o- (“to spin”): the verb went from putting in a…

It is from Latin repetō (“to claim back”): the feminine plural of its gerundive, agreeing with an omitted pecūniae, money to be reclaimed. De Vaan traces petō to Proto-Italic *pet-e/o- and…

It is formed from Latin replicō (“to fold back, unroll”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin repraesentō (“to make present, show; to pay at once”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin re- + praesentō (“to present”), from praesēns “present”.

It is from Latin repudiō + -tiō, an action noun from the verb meaning “to reject, divorce”. The verb is from repudium (“divorce”).

It is from Latin repugnāns (“resisting; contradictory”), the present participle of repugnō (“to fight back, resist”), with the suffix -ia. The verb is formed from re- and pugnō (“to fight”), from…

It is from Latin repellō (“to drive back, reject”), its feminine past participle, used as a noun, originally with petītiō (“candidature”) understood. The verb is formed from re- and pellō (“to push…

It is formed from Latin re- (“again, back”) + quiēs (“rest”). The TLL takes it as made back from requiēscō (“to rest”), found from Plautus on, on the model of ⟨quiēs⟩; its fifth-declension forms…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + sera (“bar”), with the verbal ending ⟨-ō⟩: to draw back the bar. The TLL compares obserō (“to bolt”), and the grammarians Nonius and Festus already derived the verb…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + servō (“to keep, save”).

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin resonō (“to resound, echo”). resonō is made of re- (“back, again”) and sonō (“to sound”); de Vaan records the verb from Plautus on, with…

It is from Latin respicio (“to look back”) + -tus. respiciō is from re- and speciō “to look”, from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).

It is from Latin respīrō (“to breathe out, recover one's breath”) + -tiō, a noun of action. The verb is formed from re- and spīrō (“to breathe”). De Vaan takes the simple verb to be possibly an…

It is from Latin respīrō (“to breathe out, recover one's breath”) + -tus, a noun of action of the fourth declension. The verb is formed from re- and spīrō (“to breathe”). De Vaan takes the simple…

It is from Latin restipulor (“to demand a counter-guarantee”) + -tiō, and that verb is re- plus stipulor (“to exact a formal promise”). De Vaan derives the simple verb from stipula (“stalk, straw”)…

It is from Latin restituō (“to restore”) + -tiō, a noun of action. That verb is a compound of re- (“back, again”) and statuō (“to set up”).

It is from Latin restringō (“to bind tightly, draw back”), its past participle, used as an adjective. It is the source of English restrict.

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + tardō (“to delay”). tardō is from tardus (“slow”), for which de Vaan finds no etymology, rejecting Walde and Hofmann's comparison with Greek and Sanskrit words for…

It is from Latin retineō (“to hold back, keep”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of its past participle. The verb is formed from re- and teneō (“to hold, grasp”). De Vaan explains the simple verb as a…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + torqueō (“to twist”). De Vaan traces torqueō to Proto-Italic *torkw-eie- (“to twist”) and Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”), a causative, and compares…

It is from Latin re- + tractō (“to handle”), the frequentative of trahō “to draw”. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨trahō⟩ as Proto-Italic *traxe/o-.

It is from Latin re- + vehō (“to carry, convey”). De Vaan traces vehō to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ueǵʰ-e/o- (“to carry”).

It is from Latin re- + veniō (“to come”). De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷn̥-je/o- (“to come”), Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-ye/o- (“to come”).

It is formed from Latin reverēns (“respectful”) + -ia, ⟨reverēns⟩ being the present participle of revereor (“to revere”). The verb is formed from re- and vereor (“to fear, respect”), which de Vaan…

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + virēscō (“to become green”). De Vaan lists virēscō among the derivatives of vireō (“to be green”), whose etymology de Vaan calls uncertain: he gives Proto-Italic…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “speaker, orator; teacher of rhetoric”). Köbler connects the Greek word with the root Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to say, speak”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥυθμικός (rhuthmikós). Köbler connects it with the Latin noun rhythmus.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rig-ē-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *Hriǵ-eh₁- (“to be stretched, be stiff”), a stative verb. Cognate with Old Irish rigid (“stretches”) and Middle Irish…

It is formed from Latin rītus (“rite, ceremony”) + -ālis.

It is a diminutive, formed from Latin rīvus (“stream, brook”) + -ulus. The spelling ⟨rīvolus⟩ also occurs.

The origin is doubtful. De Vaan tentatively takes it from an s-present Proto-Indo-European *h₁r(e)iḱ-s- (“to tear, fight”), through Proto-Italic *rik-s-h₂-, cognate with Middle Welsh rwygaw (“to…

It is probably borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), in some form, but the details are unclear; it may have come through another Italic language such as Oscan, or from a dialect form…

It is probably from Latin rumpō (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-(e)h₁-s (“cliff”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break”). A byform ⟨rūpa⟩ appears in Apuleius and…

It is from Latin sacerdōs (“priest”) + -ium. De Vaan explains ⟨sacerdōs⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*sakro-dōt-⟩ “who has sacred endowments”.