rebellis

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [rɛˈbɛl.lɪs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈbɛl.lis]^[1]

Forms

rebellis (neuter rebelle); third-declension two-termination adjective^[1]

Etymology

It is from re- “again” and bellum “war”, through rebellō “to renew war, revolt”.^[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler's first source is Virgil, whom he dates 70–19 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant engaged in revolt, rebellious, and as a noun a rebel.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant rebellious, insurgent.^[5] Medieval glosses have rebellis pācis “breaker of the peace”.^[4] British Medieval Latin used it of the rebellious, insubordinate and disobedient.^[6] It survives in Italian ribelle, French rebelle and Spanish rebelde, and through Old French it gave English rebel about 1300.^[1][3]

Timeline

• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it.^[4]
• c. 1300 – English rebel is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Rebellious; as a noun, a rebel.^[2]
2. (Medieval Latin) Disobedient, insubordinate.^[6]

Related words

• rebellō
• bellum
• English rebel

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
6. ^ a b Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press