inodio

Forms

inodiō (present infinitive inodiāre, perfect active inodiāvī, supine inodiātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from in- and odium (“hatred”) with the verb ending ⟨-ō⟩,^[2][1] after the phrase ⟨in odiō esse⟩ “to be hated”.^[1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL's first example is the Old Latin Bible (the Itala), where at Exodus 5:21 the Israelites tell Moses and Aaron: inodiastis odorem nostrum in conspectu Pharaonis, “you have made our savour hateful in the sight of Pharaoh”.^[2][4] Augustine has execrābilem fēcistis there, and the Vulgate fētēre fēcistis.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It means to make someone hated or odious.^[2][1] A verse inscription from Africa uses the passive: the dead woman says she could not become hateful to her dear husband.^[2] The participle inodiātus is listed in the Tironian notes.^[2]

It is the source of Old French enoiier (French ennuyer), Provençal ⟨enoiar⟩, Italian annoiare and Spanish enojar,^[2][1] and through Anglo-French and Old French of English annoy.^[3][1]

Timeline

• after 220 AD – The Itala uses it at Exodus 5:21.^[2][4]
• late 13th century – English annoy is first recorded, from Anglo-French ⟨anuier⟩.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. (Late Latin, transitive) To make hateful, odious or repulsive.^[2][1]
2. (passive) To become hated.^[2]

Related words

• English annoy

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de