hybrida

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈhy.brɪ.da]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiː.bri.da]^[1]

Forms

hybrida f (genitive hybridae); first declension^[1] It is also spelled hibrida and ibrida.^[2][3]

Etymology

The origin is unknown.^[2] The TLL takes it as a foreign word, comparing the glossed ⟨iber⟩ or ⟨imber⟩ “mule”, and doubts a link with Greek, and Wiktionary derives it from ⟨ibrida⟩ influenced by Ancient Greek ὕβρις (húbris, “outrage”), and Etymonline calls it probably Greek and related to ⟨hubris⟩.^[4][1][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler's first sources are the Bellum Africum and Horace, whom he dates 65–8 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant a half-bred or cross-bred person or animal, and Pliny the Elder uses it of the offspring of a sow and a wild boar.^[2][3][5] It was a cognomen, as of Q. Varius, so called, Valerius Maximus says, because his citizenship was doubtful.^[2]

It gave English hybrid about 1600, “offspring of plants or animals of different species”.^[5]

Timeline

• 65–8 BC – Horace uses it.^[6]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a cross-bred pig.^[3][6]
• c. 1600 – English hybrid is recorded.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. A cross-breed, mongrel, hybrid.^[2]

Related words

• English hybrid

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
5. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de