haemorrhagia

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [hae̯.mɔrˈrʰa.ɡi.a]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [e.morˈraː.d͡ʒi.a]^[1]

Forms

haemorrhagia f (genitive haemorrhagiae); first declension^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek αἱμορραγία (haimorrhagía, “violent bleeding”),^[2][1][3] from αἱμορραγής (haimorrhagḗs, “bleeding violently”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) and ῥήγνυμι (rhḗgnumi, “to break, burst”).^[1][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History, uses it of bleeding, especially from the nose.^[5][6] Köbler dates him 23/24–79 AD.^[7]

Semantic evolution

It was a violent bleeding, a haemorrhage, and in Pliny especially a nosebleed.^[2][5][6] It also appears in the Tironian notes.^[6]

In medieval Latin it was a flow of blood, often in medical writers, with many spellings such as emorosagia.^[8][9] English hemorrhage is recorded around 1400 as emorosogie.^[4]

Timeline

• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of nosebleeds.^[5][7]
• c. 1400 – English emorosogie, later hemorrhage, is recorded.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. (medicine) A violent bleeding, a haemorrhage; a nosebleed.^[2][5]

Related words

• English hemorrhage

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Saalfeld, Günther Alexander (1874), Index Graecorum vocabulorum in linguam latinam translatorum, Berlin: Weidmann
4. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
5. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
7. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
8. ^ Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
9. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press