Italian words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Latin exeō (“to go out”), from ex- (“out”) and eō (“to go”). The initial /u/ is due to the influence of uscio (“door”), a word of different origin but close in meaning. The…

It is the feminine past participle of uscire used as a noun. The verb continues inherited from Latin exeō (“to go out”), from ex (“out of”) and eō (“to go”); its initial ⟨u⟩ is due to the influence…

It is a noun formed from the feminine past participle of cadere (“to fall”), with the ending -uta. Devoto explains the participle caduto as from Vulgar Latin *cadūtus, built on a new perfect *caduī…

It is inherited from Late Latin camināre (“to walk, travel”), a verb recorded in Venantius Fortunatus in the 6th century, which Wiktionary gives as *cammīnāre. DELI, GRADIT, the TLIO and Devoto…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin phantasma (“ghost, apparition”), from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma, “apparition, vision; ghost”), a derivative of φαντάζω (phantázō, “to make visible…

It is borrowed from Lombardic *skerzōn (“to jump about, make merry”). It is compared with Middle High German scherzen (“to make merry, hop about”), whence German scherzen (“to joke”); Nocentini…

It is from Italian destinare (“to destine, assign”) + -o, a noun formed in Italian from the verb with no suffix of its own, perhaps helped by Old French destin, recorded from about 1160. DEI instead…

1. The adjective is inherited from Latin minūtus (“small, tiny”), properly the past participle of minuō (“to make smaller, diminish”), which comes from minus (“less”), the neuter of minor…

It comes from the phrase a fatto, in the sense “in fact, as a thing completed”, written as one word. DEI and Wiktionary analyse it as from Italian a + fatto. DELI explains the negative sense “not at…

It is a deverbal noun from affittare “to let”, which was formed from fitto “rent”. Nocentini, Devoto–Oli and Wiktionary instead take it from Medieval Latin affictum, the noun of affictō (“to let”)…

It is formed from Italian bene + venuto, the past participle of venire, from the phrase meaning “well come”. Wiktionary takes it back to the phrase Vulgar Latin *bene venūtus, perhaps a calque of a…

It is borrowed from Old Occitan carreira, from Late Latin carrāria, short for a phrase meaning “road for carts”, from Latin carrus (“wagon”). Devoto–Oli and Gabrielli simply derive it from carro…

It continues inherited from Late Latin coopertūra (“covering”), a derivative of coopertus (“covered”), the past participle of cooperiō (“to cover completely”). DEI finds the Late Latin word in…

The noun is the feminine of destro used as a noun: inherited from Latin dextera (“right hand”), short for “right hand” with manus (“hand”) understood. Zingarelli calls it a learned word. The LEI…

It is borrowed from Old French flanc (“flank, side”), which is from Frankish *hlanka (“hip, bend”). Rohlfs thought the word reached Tuscan through northern Italy. The Frankish word is related to Old…

It is inherited from Latin fīlum (“thread, line”). It is pan-Romance: French fil, Occitan fil, Catalan fil, Spanish hilo, Portuguese fio, Sardinian filu and Romanian fir. DEI notes that many of the…

It is borrowed from Old French franceis, recorded in 1080 and formed from France, the land the Franks occupied. The name first meant a small region north of Paris, then the domain of the first…

It is formed from Italian giorno + -ale, on the model of Latin diurnālis (“daily”). The TLIO and the GDLI see the model rather in French journal, and Gabrielli names both. The Latin adjective is…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin iūstitia (“justice”), from iūstus (“just”) with the suffix -itia; “iustus” means “according to law”, from iūs (“law, right”). The GDLI calls it…

It is inherited from Latin iustus (“just, lawful”), “in keeping with the law”, from iūs (“law, right”). The Latin word was both an adjective and, later, a noun. The GDLI calls the Italian word…

It is a noun formed from guidare, perhaps from its imperative. The verb is of Germanic origin: DELI derives it from Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to direct”), probably through Gothic *widan, and…

It is inherited from Late Latin illaei, a dative of Latin illa (“that (woman)”), the feminine of Latin ille (“that”). Classical Latin had one dative, illī, for both genders; popular Latin made a…

It continues inherited from Latin gubernātor (“helmsman, pilot”), the agent noun of gubernō (“to steer; to govern”), and stands beside governare. Tommaseo treats it as the verbal noun of that verb…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin lēgālis (“of the law”), from lēx (“law”), formed like rēgālis (“royal”) from rēx (“king”). The Latin adjective was formed with the suffix -ālis. Some of its…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin maximus (“greatest”), the superlative of magnus (“great”). Pre-classical Latin wrote it “maxumus”. The word did not survive in popular speech in Italy; Old…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Late Latin officiālis (“relating to an office or service; public servant”), from officium (“service, duty; office”) with the suffix -ālis. In Late Latin the…

It is an onomatopoeic interjection, a natural cry. DEI compares Latin ah and ā, cries of strong emotion. The LEI calls it a primitive interjection and sets it beside the Latin word, Old French a…

1. The act is borrowed from Latin āctus (“a doing, an action; act of a play”), the action noun of agō (“to drive, to do”). Nocentini and DELI start from the neuter āctum (“a thing done”), the past…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin intelligens (“understanding”), the present participle of intelligō (“to understand, perceive”). The Latin verb, also spelled intellegō, is formed from inter…

It is the past participle of Old Italian soldare (“to take into one's pay”), used as an adjective and then as a noun: a soldier was originally a man hired for pay. The verb is formed from soldo, the…

It is borrowed from Latin cancellō (“to make a lattice; to cross out”). The Latin verb comes from cancellī (“lattice, railings”) (whence cancello): writing was struck out with crossing lines that…

Its origin has been much debated. Most dictionaries follow the explanation proposed independently by Giovan Battista Pellegrini (1960) and Joan Corominas (1962), which Ascanio Persio had already put…

It is borrowed from Late Latin syndicus (“representative of a community”), from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate, public defender”), a compound of σύν (sún, “with, together”) and δίκη…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *biscoctus (“twice-cooked”), made of bis (“twice”) and coctus (“cooked”), the past participle of coquō (“to cook”). The word is not found as a noun in Medieval…

It is inherited from Latin chorda (“gut; string of an instrument; rope”), also written corda, a Latin borrowing of Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “guts; string of gut”). The Latin word first meant the…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin ēvītō (“to avoid, shun”). The Latin verb is vītō (“to avoid”) with the prefix ē-, which here only strengthens the meaning. The same Latin word was taken…

It is inherited from Latin niger (“black, dark”), continuing its accusative, with the loss of /g/ before /r/. Devoto compares the same loss in intero from Latin integer, through a spoken form Vulgar…

1. The weight is inherited from Vulgar Latin *pēsum, from Latin pēnsum, which in Latin meant the quantity of wool weighed out to a slave woman to spin in a day. “Pēnsum” is the neuter of pensus…

It is inherited from Latin vēndō (“to sell”), which goes back to the phrase vēnum dō (“to give for sale”). The Latin verb has continuations in every Romance language, from which DÉRom reconstructs a…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *virdis, the syncopated form of Latin viridis (“green”) in popular Latin. The short form was very common in rustic speech: Lucilius already has “vird-”, and the…

It is a deverbal noun of disegnare (“to draw”), formed without a suffix. The verb is the popular outcome of Latin dēsignō (“to mark out; to represent”), and designare is its learned doublet. The…

It is inherited from Latin nūlla, the neuter plural of the Latin adjective for “no, none”; Wiktionary reads the form as both the feminine singular and the collective neuter plural, and Tommaseo…

It is borrowed from Latin ōrdinō (“to arrange in rows; to regulate”), a learned word. The Latin verb comes from ōrdō (“row; order; rule”). In Ecclesiastical Latin it also meant to ordain a priest…

The origin is disputed, and DELI, GRADIT and Sabatini–Coletti call it uncertain. Nocentini and Devoto–Oli take it as the short past participle of the verb from Vulgar Latin *pactiāre (“to press…

It is borrowed from Lombardic *skëna, a Germanic word for a long, narrow bone, the shin. The Germanic noun is Old High German scina (“shin; needle”) and survives in German Schiene (“splint, rail”)…

It is inherited from Latin stēlla (“star”). The word is panromance: French étoile, Occitan estela, Catalan estela, Spanish estrella, Sardinian isteddu, Romanian stea, Dalmatian stala and Romansh…

It is inherited from Old Italian suso, shortened; the Old Italian word is inherited from Latin sūsum (“up, upward”), the assimilated variant of sūrsum. The Latin adverb comes from *subvorsum “from…

The adverb is borrowed from Latin subitō (“suddenly”), the ablative of subitus (“sudden, unexpected”), which the literary adjective continues; both are learned words. The Latin adjective is the past…

It is inherited from Old Italian occidere, inherited from Latin occīdō (“to strike down, kill”), formed from caedō (“to cut, fell”) with the prefix ob- of hostility. According to Festus, a man…

It is from Italian portare (“to carry”) + -ata. Treccani and the GDLI describe it as the feminine of the past participle portato, used as a noun. The word is first found in Medieval Latin, as…

1. The adjective is a learned word, borrowed from Latin āerius (“of the air, airy”), from Ancient Greek ἀέριος (aérios, “high in the air”), a derivative of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Nocentini, Devoto–Oli…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin angulus (“angle, corner”). The LEI describes Old Italian anguolo and the modern word as continuing the Latin word with a learned or half-learned sound…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin aspectus (“look, sight; appearance”), from aspiciō (“to look at”), from ad- and speciō (“to look”). The LEI notes that Italian continues the Latin senses…

It is a variant of insieme (“together”), with the prefix in- replaced by a-. GRADIT describes the change as the overlay of the prefix from Latin ad (“to, towards”), and Devoto sees a prefix of rest…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *advertīre, a remodelling of Latin advertō (“to turn towards”) with a change of conjugation. The Latin verb is formed from ad- (“to, towards”) and vertō (“to…

It is inherited from Late Latin ballō (“to dance; to sway”), recorded in Saint Augustine in 393. Inscriptions with Latin baliator at Pompeii (before 79) and ballatores at Rome (3rd century) suggest…

It is from Italian becco (“beak”) + -are. The same verb is French becquer, Old French bechier and Occitan becar. “Becco” is from Latin beccus (“beak”), a word of Gaulish origin, as Suetonius…

It is borrowed from Latin cancer (“crab; the constellation Cancer; cancer”), a learned word. The medical sense was already Latin: it is a semantic loan from the medicine of the Greeks, which named a…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin centrum (“point of the compasses; centre”), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, “goad, sting; point of the compasses; centre of a circle”). The Greek noun…

It is borrowed from Latin cōnsequentia (“succession; logical consequence”), a learned word. DEI and the GDLI describe it as an adaptation of the Late Latin word, whose classical meaning was…