𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (fraliusan), a strong verb of class 2, taking a dative object.^[1][2][3] The recorded forms are the third person singular present 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌸 (fraliusiþ), the first person singular preterite 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (fralaus), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fraliusands) and the past participle 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (fralusans, twice), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fralusanan), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 (fralusanans), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽 (fralusanin) and 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍉 (fralusano).^[4][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fraleusaną (“to lose”),^[6][4] with the cognates Old English forlēosan, Old Saxon farliosan and Old High German farliosan.^[7][3] Feist and Lehmann treat it together with 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus, “empty, free”) and 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lausjan, “to loosen, free”).^[7][8] Uhlenbeck traces the verb to Proto-Indo-European *leus- (“to loosen”), an extension of a shorter root seen in Old Norse lýja (“to beat”), Latin luō (“to pay, atone”) and Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen”).^[9]

Attestation

The Wulfila project and PROIEL count nine tokens, eight in Luke and one in John, all in manuscript CA.^[5][10] In canonical order the first is the past participle fralusanan at John 6:27.^[5] Every token renders Ancient Greek ἀπόλλυμι (apóllumi).^[10] John 6:27 reads waurkjaiþ ni þana mat þana fralusanan, ak mat þana wisandan du libainai aiweinon, "work not for the food that perishes but for the food that endures to eternal life".^[11]

Meanings

1. To lose (with the dative), for Ancient Greek ἀπόλλυμι (apóllumi)^[1][2][10]
2. Past participle: lost, perishing^[12][13]

Related words

• 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus, “empty, free”)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fralusnan, “to become lost”)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (fralusts, “destruction”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. fraliusan
2. ^ a b Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 287
3. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. fra-liusan
4. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. fraliusan*
5. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
6. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽
7. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. fra-liusan
8. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. fra-liusan
9. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 49
10. ^ a b c Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Jn 6:27
12. ^ Lambdin, Thomas O. (2006), An Introduction to the Gothic Language, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock, p. 66
13. ^ Schulze, Ernst (1867), Gothisches Wörterbuch nebst Flexionslehre, Züllichau: Darnmann, p. 56