*parruk

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *parruk "enclosure; pen (for animals)" and calls its origin unknown.^[1]

Etymology

Holthausen, Köbler and EWA take the West Germanic words to be borrowed from Medieval Latin parricus (“fence, enclosure”),^[2][3][4] which Gamillscheg finds in the Lex Ripuaria in the 8th century.^[5] Köbler writes a Germanic *parrik-.^[3] Wiktionary also reconstructs Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“fence; enclosure”), of uncertain origin, with a variant *parrikaz.^[6]

Morphology

A masculine noun;^[2] in Old High German an a- or i-stem.^[4]

Evidence

The word is attested in Old English pearroc and Old High German pfarrih, the latter in glosses from the 10th or 11th century.^[4] Old Dutch has it only in place names, such as Parike near Oudenaarde and Perk near Brussels.^[7] Gamillscheg holds that the Germanic languages secure the word for the 4th century, and derives Old French parc (“enclosure, pen”), recorded from the 12th century, from the Medieval Latin word.^[5] Wiktionary gives the Old Saxon forms only as reconstructions.^[1]

Competing analyses

Gamillscheg takes Medieval Latin parricus for a Gallo-Romance derivative of parra, recorded in Spanish as parra (“trellis”), probably of Iberian origin and passed through Gallo-Romance into Germanic, or, after Hubschmied, of a Gaulish *parra.^[5] He rejects a derivation from Latin parcō (“to spare”) as morphologically impossible, and one from a Germanic *parra, which Much connected with German Sparren and Kluge took to be Gothic, because of the initial p-, which is not Germanic.^[5] EWA too derives the Medieval Latin word from a pre-Roman *parra, continued in Catalan parra (“vine arbour”) and its Portuguese and Spanish cognates, beside a voiced variant *barra "crossbar", and leaves its origin open.^[4] ONW calls the etymology uncertain and, after the EWN, allows a Germanic origin.^[7] Wiktionary suggests that *parruk may come from *parrō, a variant of *sparrō (“bar, beam”), with the suffix *-uk, or that the Medieval Latin word was borrowed from Germanic rather than the reverse.^[1]

Meanings

1. enclosure; pen (for animals)^[1]

Old English also used the word for "hurdle" and "enclosed land",^[2] and Old High German for "stable".^[4]

Reflexes

• Old English: pearroc (“pen, hurdle, enclosure, enclosed land”)^[2]
• Old Dutch: parik (“enclosed space”)^[7]
• Old High German: pfarrih (“pen, stable, enclosure”)^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *parruk
2. ^ a b c d Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. pearroc
3. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. pearroc
4. ^ a b c d e f Lloyd, Albert L.; Springer, Otto; Lühr, Rosemarie, et al. (1988–), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; online ewa.saw-leipzig.de, p. s.v. pfarrih
5. ^ a b c d Gamillscheg, Ernst (1966–1969), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der französischen Sprache, 2nd, fully revised ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 719
6. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *parrukaz
7. ^ a b c Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org, p. s.v. parik