*dailiz

Reconstruction

The word is *dailiz in Ringe and Wiktionary,^[1][2] *đailiz in Orel,^[3] *daili-, *dailiz in Köbler,^[4] and the stem *daili- in Kroonen.^[5]

Etymology

Wiktionary tentatively has it from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”), through *dʰ(h₁)-oy-lo-, but calls the derivation highly uncertain for lack of parallels;^[2] Kroonen allows the same derivation for the related neuter *daila-, noting that the formation has no direct parallels in any other IE language.^[5]

Morphology

An i-stem, masculine or feminine.^[4] The Gothic word is a feminine i-stem,^[6] the Old English word a masculine i-stem.^[7] The i of the second syllable caused umlaut in Old English, *dailiz > *dāli > Old English dǣl,^[8] and in Old Frisian it gave dēl, beside deil.^[8]

Evidence

The word is attested in all three branches: Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (dails), a late Old Norse deill, and Old English dǣl, Old Frisian dēl, Old Saxon dēl and Old High German teil in West Germanic, according to Orel.^[3] Kroonen derives only the Gothic and the Old English masculine from *daili-, and the neuter Old English dāl, Old Frisian, Dutch and Old High German forms from *daila-.^[5] Outside Germanic, Orel equates it with Slavic *dělь "part, division";^[3] Wiktionary gives Proto-Slavic *dělъ and Lithuanian dailýti (“to divide”).^[2] Kroonen calls *daila- a Germanic and Balto-Slavic isogloss, and thinks that Old Irish dál and Old Welsh daul, "share, part", were borrowed from Old English.^[5]

Competing analyses

Casaretto restricts the feminine i-stem to Gothic and sets beside it a Germanic *daila-, masculine or neuter, in the Northwest Germanic forms; since the genders differ, he rejects deriving all of them from *daili-.^[9] Among older views, Orel lists Pedersen's derivation of the Germanic word from Slavic,^[3] and, for the verb, Martynov's view that it was borrowed from Slavic.^[10] Orel himself relates the word to a root *dāi-, *dī- "to divide", with an irregular initial consonant.^[3]

Meanings

1. part^[1][2]
2. share, portion^[4][2]

Old Frisian also used the word for an inheritance, a district or court district, and a party in a lawsuit,^[11] and Old English for a region or an amount.^[7]

Derivatives

• *dailijaną "to divide, to share", with *-janą;^[12] Ringe notes that its sense follows from the noun.^[1] Kroonen calls *dailjan- a factitive,^[5] Orel writes *đailjanan.^[10]
• *dailiþō "division, portion", with *-iþō.^[13]
• Related nouns: *dailą "part, portion" and *dailǭ "part, division";^[2] Kroonen's *daila- "share, part",^[5] and Orel's *đailō(n) "disagreement, contest".^[14]

Reflexes

• Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (dails, “part, portion, share”)^[6]
• Old Norse: deill (“deal, share”), late, in Orel's cognate list^[3]
• Old English: dǣl (“part, share, region, amount”)^[7]
• Old Frisian: dēl (“part, share, inheritance, district”)^[11]
• Old Saxon: dēl (“share”)^[15]
• Old Dutch: deil^[2]
• Old High German: teil (“part, share”)^[16]

References

1. ^ a b c Ringe, Don (2017), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 284
2. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *dailiz
3. ^ a b c d e f Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *đailiz
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *daili-
5. ^ a b c d e f Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 87
6. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. dails
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. dǣl
8. ^ a b Fulk, R. D. (2018), A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages, Studies in Germanic Linguistics 3, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins
9. ^ Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. dails
10. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *đailjanan
11. ^ a b Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. dēl
12. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *dailijaną
13. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *dailiþō
14. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *đailō
15. ^ Tiefenbach, Heinrich (2010), Altsächsisches Handwörterbuch / A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, p. s.v. del
16. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. teil 1