Etymologically

voiture

Etymology and origin of the French word voiture

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
late 12th century, Everat, Bible
Inherited from
Latin vectura via Old French
Ultimate origin
Latin (vehō)

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /vwa.tyʁ/[1]

Forms

voiture f (plural voitures)[1] Old French voiture, veiture, veicture; the Old French forms in vei- were common until the 14th century.[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French voiture, inherited from Latin vectūra (“transport, carriage; cost of transport”), from “vectum”, the supine of vehō (“to carry”), whence also véhicule.[4][2][5][6][1]

Cognate with Italian vettura, which has the same senses as French, and Old Occitan vechura.[5][7][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

At the end of the 12th century Everat's Bible uses voiture for a load carried, here on a donkey.[4][3] About 1200 veiture also meant transport, and a beast of burden.[2]

Semantic evolution

Until the 18th century the word covered every means of transport by land or water, the load carried, and the cost of carriage (1345); Furetière (1690) could still say that les voitures d'Orient se font par des bœufs.[2][9] In 1283 Beaumanoir used it for a wheeled vehicle, a sense long in competition with char.[4][2][5] Lettre de voiture, a consignment note, survives in law.[10][2]

In the 19th century it came to mean a vehicle for people: a railway carriage (1829, whence en voiture !), a prison van (voiture cellulaire, 1842) and a pram (voiture d'enfant).[2][4] Cugnot's steam vehicle was a voiture à feu (1771); voiture automobile is from 1876, and plain voiture for a petrol-driven car from 1893.[4][2][11] The old phrase adieu la voiture “all is lost” is in Oudin (1640).[11]

Timeline

  • Late 12th century – Voiture, a load, in Everat's Bible.[4]
  • 1213 – Voiturier, a carrier.[5]
  • 1283 – A wheeled vehicle, in Beaumanoir.[4]
  • 1345 – The cost of transport.[2]
  • 1771 – Voiture à feu, Cugnot's steam vehicle.[4]
  • 1829 – A railway carriage.[4]
  • 1893 – A petrol-driven car, in a letter of Émile Mors.[4][11]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A car, motor vehicle: une voiture de sport, aller en voiture.[1][12]
  2. A vehicle on wheels, drawn or pushed: voiture à cheval, voiture à bras.[10][12]
  3. A railway carriage: en voiture ![2][1]
  4. Voiture d'enfant: a pram.[12][2]
  5. (law, dated) Carriage, transport: lettre de voiture.[10]

Word family

  • covoiturage
  • voiture-balai
  • voiturer
  • voiturier

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  3. ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  5. ^ a b c d Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  6. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 14, 212b
  7. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  10. ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  11. ^ a b c Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
  12. ^ a b c Dictionnaire Le Robert en ligne, dictionnaire.lerobert.com (accessed 2024)

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Voiture.” Etymologically, 18 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/fr/voiture. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Last edited on . ·